The flexibility evaluation of OneShape files.

<p>Compared with ProTaper files (the control), OneShape files presented significantly lower bending values at deflections of 45° (<i>P</i> < .05), 60° (<i>P</i> < .05) and 75° (<i>P</i> < .01) (A). OneShape files presented a higher NCF in both 60° and 90° canals than the control (P < .01). No significant difference of NCF was found between OneShape and ProTaper files in 30° canals. (B).</p

The force generated by OneShape and ProTaper instruments during simulated canal preparation.

<p>In group of 30° canals, the negative force generated by OneShape was significantly higher at D3 and D2 (<i>P</i> < .05) (A). In group of 60°, the negative force generated by OneShape was significantly higher at D2 (<i>P</i> < .05), D1 and D0 (<i>P</i> < .01), while the positive force generated by ProTaper F2 was significantly higher at D1 and D0 (<i>P</i> < .01) (B). In group of 90°, the negative force generated by OneShape was significantly higher at D4 and D3 (<i>P</i> < .01), while the positive force generated by ProTaper F2 was significantly higher at D4 and D3 (<i>P</i> < .01) (C). (*: <i>P</i> < .05, **: <i>P</i> < .01)</p

SEM images of the fracture surfaces.

<p>The crack initiation areas were pointed by the arrows and the fast fracture zones were surrounded by black dots.</p

Le Courrier

22 janvier 18491849/01/22 (N22)

Toward Understanding the Origin of Structural Phase Transition in Guanidinium Pyridinium 1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonate

A phase transition compound 9PY was screened from a series of organic salts (Cat)·G·NDS, where the Cat is protonated amine or <i>N</i>-containing heterocycle (Cat = methylammonium, 1MA; ethylammonium, 2EA; propylammonium, 3PA; dimethylammonium, 4DMA; isopropylammonium, 5iPA; <i>tert</i>-butylammonium, 6tBA; imidazolium, 7IM; pyrazolium, 8PZ; pyridinium, 9PY; 2-methylimidazolium, 10MIM; 2-ethylimidazolium, 11EIM; (<i>R</i>,<i>S</i>)-3-methylpiperidium, 12MP), the G is guanidinium, and the NDS is 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate. Detailed crystal structural analysis of 9PY shows the competing hydrogen-bonding interactions among the pyridinium and sulfonates are the driving force for the structural phase transition at 211 K

Thymic B cell development is controlled by the B potential of progenitors via both hematopoietic-intrinsic and thymic microenvironment-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms

<div><p>Background</p><p>Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from birth through adult possess differing differentiation potential for T or B cell fate in the thymus; neonatal bone marrow (BM) cells also have a higher potential for B cell production in BM compared to adult HSCs. We hypothesized that this hematopoietic-intrinsic B potential might also regulate B cell development in the thymus during ontogeny.</p><p>Methods</p><p><i>Foxn1</i>^<i>lacZ</i> mutant mice are a model in which down regulation of a thymic epithelial cell (TEC) specific transcription factor beginning one week postnatal causes a dramatic reduction of thymocytes production. In this study, we found that while T cells were decreased, the frequency of thymic B cells was greatly increased in these mutants in the perinatal period. We used this model to characterize the mechanisms in the thymus controlling B cell development.</p><p>Results</p><p><i>Foxn1</i>^<i>lacZ</i> mutants, T cell committed intrathymic progenitors (DN1a,b) were progressively reduced beginning one week after birth, while thymic B cells peaked at 3–4 weeks with pre-B-II progenitor phenotype, and originated in the thymus. Heterochronic chimeras showed that the capacity for thymic B cell production was due to a combination of higher B potential of neonatal HSCs, combined with a thymic microenvironment deficiency including reduction of DL4 and increase of IL-7 that promoted B cell fate.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our findings indicate that the capacity and time course for thymic B-cell production are primarily controlled by the hematopoietic-intrinsic potential for B cells themselves during ontogeny, but that signals from TECs microenvironment also influence the frequency and differentiation potential of B cell development in the thymus.</p></div

Coupling effect of the impact velocity, collision position and impact angle on WIC.

<p>Coupling effect of the impact velocity, collision position and impact angle on WIC.</p

Comparison of WIC under different collision positions and impact angles with an impact velocity of 35 mph.

<p>Comparison of WIC under different collision positions and impact angles with an impact velocity of 35 mph.</p

How to quantitatively evaluate safety of driver behavior upon accident? A biomechanical methodology - Fig 3

<p>(a) The rough profile and the corresponding dimensions of 2010 edition aof Toyota Yaris sedan finite element model; (b) The Hybrid III 50th percentile dummy model used in the present study and occupant restraint system model provided by NCAC.</p

Experimental and Modeling Assessment of the Roles of Hydrophobicity and Zeta Potential in Chemically Modified Poly(ether sulfone) Membrane Fouling Kinetics

This study investigated the roles of hydrophobicity and zeta potential of polymer membranes and foulants on membrane fouling during filtration. A series of chemically modified poly­(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes were used to evaluate filtration performance with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and humic acid (HA) employed as model foulants. Hydrophobicity and zeta potential of both membranes and foulants were measured and incorporated in the surface interaction energy calculation by the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (EDLVO) theory analysis. Foulant deposition rate was then calculated based on particle transport equation and interaction energy. Membrane fouling rates, indicated by the decrease of permeate flux, were well correlated (<i>R</i>² = 0.74–0.99) with the foulant deposition rates. This correlation indicates that both electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction played decisive roles in membrane fouling. Our results have important implications for elucidation and prediction of the structure–property–performance relationship of diverse chemically modified membranes and may promote the rationale design and development of functional membrane filtration systems