Plasmid encoding matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis viruses as an antitumor agent inhibiting rat glioma growth in situ

Aim: Oncolytic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been proved previously. Aim of the study is to investigate glioma inhibition effect of Matrix (M) protein of VSV in situ. Materials and Methods: A recombinant plasmid encoding VSV M protein (PM) was genetically engineered, and then transfected into cultured C6 gliomas cells in vitro. C6 transfected with Liposome-encapsulated PM (LEPM) was implanted intracranially for tumorigenicity study. In treatment experiment, rats were sequentially established intracranial gliomas with wild-typed C6 cells, and accepted LEPM injection intravenously. Possible mechanism of M protein was studied by using Hoechst staining, PI-stained flow cytometric analysis, TUNEL staining and CD31 staining. Results: M protein can induce generous gliomas lysis in vitro. None of the rats implanted with LEPM-treated cells developed any significant tumors, whereas all rats in control group developed tumors. In treatment experiment, smaller tumor volume and prolonged survival time was found in the LEPM-treated group. Histological studies revealed that possible mechanism were apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis. Conclusion: VSV-M protein can inhibit gliomas growth in vitro and in situ, which indicates such a potential novel biotherapeutic strategy for glioma treatment.Цель: изучить способность матриксного протеина (М протеина) вируса везикулярного стоматита (ВВС) угнетать рост глиомы in situ. Материалы и методы: сконструирована рекомбинантная плазмида, кодирующая М протеин ВВС, которая затем была трансфецирована в культивированные клетки глиомы С6 in. Клетки глиомы С6, трансфецированные инкапсулированным в липосомы М протеином (ЛИМП), имплантировали интракраниально для изучения туморогенности. В эксперименте крысам с трансплантированной интракраниально глиомой С6 (исходный штамм) внутривенно вводили ЛИМП. Апоптотическое действие М протеина на опухолевые клетки изучали с применением флуоресценцентной микроскопии (окрашивание по Хехсту), проточной цитометрии (окрашивание пропидиумом йодидом), TUNEL васкуляризацию опухоли оценивали гистологически и васкуляризацию опухоли оценивали гистологически и иммуногистохимически с применением анти-CD31 моноклональных антител. 31 моноклональных антител. 31 моноклональных антител. Результаты: М протеин может индуцировать лизис клеток глиомы in. Ни у одного животного с трансплантированными клетками глиомы, обработанными ЛИМП, не возникали опухоли значительного размера, тогда как у всех крыс из контрольной группы опухоли развивались. В группе животных, которым вводили ЛИМП, опухоли были меньшего объема и отмечали увеличение продолжительности жизни животных. Показано, что М протеин проявляет антиангиогенные свойства и обладает способностью индуцировать апоптоз. Выводы: М протеин ВВС ингибирует рост глиомы in и in. На этой основе может быть разработана потенциально новая биотерапевтическая стратегия для лечения пациентов с глиомами

Bose-Einstein condensation in multilayers

The critical BEC temperature $T_{c}$ of a non interacting boson gas in a layered structure like those of cuprate superconductors is shown to have a minimum $T_{c,m}$, at a characteristic separation between planes $a_{m}$. It is shown that for $a<a_{m}$, $T_{c}$ increases monotonically back up to the ideal Bose gas $T_{0}$ suggesting that a reduction in the separation between planes, as happens when one increases the pressure in a cuprate, leads to an increase in the critical temperature. For finite plane separation and penetrability the specific heat as a function of temperature shows two novel crests connected by a ridge in addition to the well-known BEC peak at $T_{c}$ associated with the 3D behavior of the gas. For completely impenetrable planes the model reduces to many disconnected infinite slabs for which just one hump survives becoming a peak only when the slab widths are infinite.Comment: Four pages, four figure

Dynamic Properties of Purkinje Cells Having Different Electrophysiological Parameters: A Model Study

Simple spikes and complex spikes are two distinguishing features in neurons of the cerebellar cortex; the motor learning and memory processes are dependent on these firing patterns. In our research, the detailed firing behaviors of Purkinje cells were investigated using a computer compartmental neuronal model. By means of application of numerical stimuli, the abundant dynamical properties involved in the multifarious firing patterns, such as the Max-Min potentials of each spike and period-adding/period-doubling bifurcations, appeared. Neuronal interspike interval (ISI) diagrams, frequency diagrams, and current-voltage diagrams for different ions were plotted. Finally, Poincare mapping was used as a theoretical method to strongly distinguish timing of the above firing patterns. Our simulation results indicated that firing of Purkinje cells changes dynamically depending on different electrophysiological parameters of these neurons, and the respective properties may play significant roles in the formation of the mentioned characteristics of dynamical firings in the coding strategy for information processing and learning.Генерація простих та складних потенціалів дії є специфіч- ною властивістю нейронів мозочкової кори; моторне навчання і проце си формування пам’яті за лежать від генерації даних патернів розряду. В нашій роботі ми провелидетальне до слідження проце сів генерації імпульсної активності клітинами Пуркін’є з використанням компартментної (включаючи сому) моделі нейрона. В умовах прикладання оцифрованих стимулів у модельованого нейрона проявлявся багатий набір динамічних властивостей, що зумовлювало генерацію різноманітних розрядних патернів; це відбивало сь у відповідних діаграмах максимальних/мінімальнихпотенціалів для кожного піку та появі біфуркацій із феноменами додання або подвоєння періодів. Були побудовані діаграми міжімпульсних інтервалів, значень частоти та залежностей струм–потенціал для різних іонів. Нарешті, побудова мап Пуанкаре була використана як теоретичний метод для переконливої диференціації часових характеристик зазначених вище розрядних патернів. Як показали результати нашого моделювання, розрядна активність клітин Пуркін’є динамічно змінюється залежно від варіації електрофізіологічних параметрів цих нейронів, і відповідні властивості можуть відігравати істотну роль у формації згаданих вище характеристик динамічних розрядів, що мають відношення до стратегії кодування в перебігу обробки інформації та процесів навчання

Relation between flux formation and pairing in doped antiferromagnets

We demonstrate that patterns formed by the current-current correlation function are landmarks which indicate that spin bipolarons form in doped antiferromagnets. Holes which constitute a spin bipolaron reside at opposite ends of a line (string) formed by the defects in the antiferromagnetic spin background. The string is relatively highly mobile, because the motion of a hole at its end does not raise extensively the number of defects, provided that the hole at the other end of the line follows along the same track. Appropriate coherent combinations of string states realize some irreducible representations of the point group C_4v. Creep of strings favors d- and p-wave states. Some more subtle processes decide the symmetry of pairing. The pattern of the current correlation function, that defines the structure of flux, emerges from motion of holes at string ends and coherence factors with which string states appear in the wave function of the bound state. Condensation of bipolarons and phase coherence between them puts to infinity the correlation length of the current correlation function and establishes the flux in the system.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Another Two Dark Energy Models Motivated from Karolyhazy Uncertainty Relation

The K$\acute{\text{a}}$rolyh$\acute{\text{a}}$zy uncertainty relation indicates that there exists the minimal detectable cell $\delta t^{3}$ over the region $t^3$ in Minkowski spacetime. Due to the energy-time uncertainty relation, the energy of the cell $\delta t^3$ can not be less $\delta t^{-1}$. Then we get a new energy density of metric fluctuations of Minkowski spacetime as $\delta t^{-4}$. Motivated by the energy density, we propose two new dark energy models. One model is characterized by the age of the universe and the other is characterized by the conformal age of the universe. We find that in the two models, the dark energy mimics a cosmological constant in the late time.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, References are adde

DDW Order and its Role in the Phase Diagram of Extended Hubbard Models

We show in a mean-field calculation that phase diagrams remarkably similar to those recently proposed for the cuprates arise in simple microscopic models of interacting electrons near half-filling. The models are extended Hubbard models with nearest neighbor interaction and correlated hopping. The underdoped region of the phase diagram features $d_{{x^2}-{y^2}}$ density-wave (DDW) order. In a certain regime of temperature and doping, DDW order coexists with antiferromagnetic (AF) order. For larger doping, it coexists with $d_{{x^2}-{y^2}}$ superconductivity (DSC). While phase diagrams of this form are robust, they are not inevitable. For other reasonable values of the coupling constants, drastically different phase diagrams are obtained. We comment on implications for the cuprates.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Pinned Balseiro-Falicov Model of Tunneling and Photoemission in the Cuprates

The smooth evolution of the tunneling gap of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8 with doping from a pseudogap state in the underdoped cuprates to a superconducting state at optimal and overdoping, has been interpreted as evidence that the pseudogap must be due to precursor pairing. We suggest an alternative explanation, that the smoothness reflects a hidden SO(N) symmetry near the (pi,0) points of the Brillouin zone (with N = 3, 4, 5, or 6). Because of this symmetry, the pseudogap could actually be due to any of a number of nesting instabilities, including charge or spin density waves or more exotic phases. We present a detailed analysis of this competition for one particular model: the pinned Balseiro-Falicov model of competing charge density wave and (s-wave) superconductivity. We show that most of the anomalous features of both tunneling and photoemission follow naturally from the model, including the smooth crossover, the general shape of the pseudogap phase diagram, the shrinking Fermi surface of the pseudogap phase, and the asymmetry of the tunneling gap away from optimal doping. Below T_c, the sharp peak at Delta_1 and the dip seen in the tunneling and photoemission near 2Delta_1 cannot be described in detail by this model, but we suggest a simple generalization to account for inhomogeneity, which does provide an adequate description. We show that it should be possible, with a combination of photoemission and tunneling, to demonstrate the extent of pinning of the Fermi level to the Van Hove singularity. A preliminary analysis of the data suggests pinning in the underdoped, but not in the overdoped regime.Comment: 18 pages LaTeX, 26 ps. figure

The Narrative Frame of Daniel: A Literary Assessment

This paper presents a fuzzy multicriteria group decision making approach for evaluating and selecting information systems projects. The inherent subjectiveness and imprecision of the evaluation process is modeled by using linguistic terms characterized by triangular fuzzy numbers. A new algorithm based on the concept of the degree of dominance is developed to avoid the complex and unreliable process of comparing fuzzy numbers usually required in fuzzy multicriteria decision making. A multicriteria decision support system is proposed to facilitate the evaluation and selection process. An information systems project selection problem is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach