Die iur.reform-Studie: Auswertung der größten Abstimmung unter Jurist:innen

Unter dem Kampagnennamen iur.reform hat das Bündnis zur Reform der juristischen Ausbildung e.V. die größte Studie zur Reform der juristischen Ausbildung in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland durchgeführt. Die Studie basiert auf den Ergebnissen einer Abstimmung über 43 Thesen, die vom 17.01.2022 bis zum 17.07.2022 durchgeführt wurde und an der 11.842 Personen teilgenommen haben. Die juristische Ausbildung gilt historisch als besonders schwer zu reformieren. Strukturell sind viele Akteur:innen an der Änderung der juristischen Ausbildung beteiligt und von einer solchen Änderung betroffen. Die einzelnen Akteur:innengruppen diskutieren aber vor allem untereinander, anstatt miteinander. Die letzte große Reform, die letztlich zurückgenommen wurde, basierte auf einem gemeinsamen mehrjährigen Prozess aller beteiligten Gruppen in Rahmen von Treffen in der Accademie Loccum. Mit der Kampagne iur.reform und der damit einhergehenden Abstimmung über 43 ermittelte Reformoptionen mit Blick auf die juristische Ausbildung, bündeln wir den zersplitterten Reformdiskurs. Die 43 Thesen, die zur Abstimmung gestellt wurden, entstammen der Auswertung aus über 200 Beiträgen in Fachzeitschriften und Artikeln aus den Jahren 2000 – 2020. Die Thesen wurden ausgewählt, weil sie regelmäßig diskutiert wurden. Die Abstimmung wurde in einem Stakeholderprozess unter Beteiligung von BRF, DAV, BRAK, DRB und elsa verbessert. Jede:r der:die einen Bezug zur juristischen Ausbildung hat war eingeladen die 43 Thesen auf einer Skala von 1 (volle Ablehnung) bis 5 (volle Zustimmung) zu beantworten. Alle Stimmen von Studierenden und Praktiker:innen jeder Art bis hin zu Verfassungsrichter:innen waren und sind relevant für eine gemeinsame Debatte über die gewünschten und befürworteten Reformen. Von den 11.842 Personen waren u.a. 5033 Studierende, 1653 Personen im Referendariat, 2089 Personen identifizierten sich als Rechtsanwält:innen, 937 als Richter:innen, 209 als Staatsanwält:innen, 245 als Professor:innen und 70 Personen als Mitarbeiter:innen in Justizprüfungsämtern (JPA), sowie 399 als Personen, die mit juristischer Ausbildung in der Verwaltung arbeiteten. Bei der Bewertung der Zahlen ist zu beachten, dass damit 4 % der Gesamtheit der Studierenden im Fach Rechtswissenschaften, knapp 1,48 % der Rechtsanwält:innen, 4 % der Richter:innen und 18 % aller Jura Professor:innen befragt wurden. In der Auswertung der Abstimmung berücksichtigen wir die Vielfalt der Stimmen. Wir zeigen auf, wo sich die Gruppen in ihrer Perspektive auf die verschiedenen Reformoptionen unterscheiden – und wo sie sich einig sind. Wir schlagen eine Zweipfadigkeit vor, die auf Grundlage unserer Ergebnisse beschritten werden kann. Einerseits lässt sich aus den Ergebnissen über alle befragten Gruppen hinweg ein Sofortprogramm ableiten. Die Thesen, die von allen Seiten mit absoluter Mehrheit befürwortet werden und eine unmittelbare positive Veränderung der juristischen Ausbildung an einzelnen Stellen zulassen sind besonders geeignet für eine unmittelbare Umsetzung nach unserem Sofortprogramm. Andererseits laden wir dazu ein, auf Grundlage der vorliegenden Ergebnisse zu Stimmungsbildern der einzelnen Aktuer:innen ergebnissoffen in einem Stakeholderprozess, angelehnt an die Accademie Loccum, eine gemeinsame Vision von einer neuen juristischen Ausbildung zu entwerfen. Für das Sofortprogramm haben wir aus den Thesen, die von allen drei großen Gruppen (in Ausbildung [Studierende, Referendar:innen, Promovierende, u.a.], Praktiker:innen [Rechtsanwält:innen und Syndizi, Richter:innen, Staatsanwält:innen, u.a.], Ausbildende [Professor:innen, Lehrende, JPA-Mitarbeiter:innen]) mit absoluter Mehrheit befürwortet werden, ein Sofortprogramm entwickelt, wenn die Thesen zusätzlich zeitnah umsetzbar sind. Einig sind sich alle drei Gruppen (in Ausbildung / Praktiker:innen / Ausbildende) bei der mehrheitlichen Befürwortung der folgenden sechs Thesen: Unabhängige Zweitkorrektur der schriftlichen Examensprüfungen (90 % / 86 % / 52 %) Einführung des E-Examens (76 % / 58 % / 55 %) Neue Lerninhalte nur bei Streichung von Bestehenden (78 % / 68 % / 59 %) Zulassung anderer Prüfungs- und Unterrichtsformen neben Klausur und Vorlesung (69 % / 68 % / 61 %) Verbesserung des Betreuungsschlüssels an den Hochschulen (69 % / 63 % / 68 %) Regelmäßiges Monitoring des Jurastudiums im Hinblick auf etwaigen Reformbedarf (82 % / 50 % / 70 %) Keine Einigkeit unter den drei Gruppen bedeutet aber nicht, dass es keinen Reformbedarf gibt. Bei vielen Thesen stimmen einzelne Gruppen in absoluter Mehrheit zu, aber eben nicht alle. Bei vielen weiteren Thesen findet sich eine relative Mehrheit für eine Reform. Dies bedeutet es gibt endlich eine Grundlage für gemeinsame und spannende Diskussionen. Zum Beispiel: Insgesamt mehrheitlich sprechen sich die Abstimmenden für die Einführung eines integrierten Bachelors aus (55 %), aber diese These wird von Professor:innen und JPA-Mitarbeitenden nicht mehrheitlich unterstützt, aber auch nicht mehrheitlich abgelehnt wird. Ähnlich ist es bei der Forderung die Möglichkeit des Abschichtens bundesweit einzuführen. Knapp 70 % sprechen sich dafür aus, aber nicht in allen drei großen Gruppen gibt es mehrheitliche Zustimmung. Die Verwendung von Online-Datenbanken in Klausuren wird z.B. von einer Mehrheit der Personen in Ausbildung unterstützt (55 %), aber sowohl von Praktiker:innen als auch von Ausbildenden mehrheitlich abgelehnt. Die Verwendung von Handkommentaren wird von Personen in Ausbildung und von Praktiker:innen mehrheitlich unterstützt. Interessant war u.a. auch: Die Umstellung auf Bologna wird von einer absoluten Mehrheit abgelehnt, wenn auch 39 % der Studierenden sich dafür aussprechen. Die einstufige Juristische Ausbildung erhält von denjenigen, die sie selbst durchlaufen haben, Bestnoten (52 % stimmten vollständig („5“) einer Wiedereinführung zu). Insgesamt ist die juristische Welt zu je 40 % für und gegen die Einführung und 20 % sind unentschieden. Die Umstellung auf eine Laufbahnorientierte Ausbildung wird nicht mehrheitlich befürwortet. Außerdem sollte das Studium emotional entlastet werden. Eine Mehrheit spricht sich dafür aus, dass neuer Prüfungsstoff nur aufgenommen wird, wenn alter Prüfungsstoff gestrichen wird, tendenziell einig sind sich auch die Gruppen in ihrer Ablehnung von mehr Prozessrecht im ersten Examen. Eine Mehrheit fordert die diverse Zusammenstellung von Prüfungskommissionen und dass Leistungen aus dem Studium in die Examensnote aufgenommen werden sollten. Abgelehnt wird: Abschaffung des Freischusses (wo er noch besteht), Ausweitung der Anzahl an Klausuren im ersten Staatsexamen und die Einführung einer Examenshausarbeit. Doch bereits die Antworten auf die erste Frage zeigen, weshalb die Arbeit mit den Ergebnissen jetzt so wichtig ist: Mehrheitlich sind die Abstimmenden insgesamt unzufrieden mit der juristischen Ausbildung in ihrer jetzigen Form (52 %). Dies ist erst der Beginn einer gemeinsamen Diskussion über die Zukunft der juristischen Ausbildung, die nun auf einer soliden Datengrundlage geführt werden kann. Neben der Executive Summary können auf www.iurreform.de die Studie, eine einseitige Zusammenfassung für jede These und das Sofortprogramm heruntergeladen werden

Digital girl:Cyberfeminism and the emancipation potential of digital entrepreneurship in emerging economies

Digital entrepreneurship has been described as a “great leveler” in terms of equalizing the entrepreneurial playing field for women. However, little is known of the emancipatory possibilities offered by digital entrepreneurship for women constrained by social and cultural practices such as male guardianship of female relatives and legally enforced gender segregation. In order to address this research gap, this paper examines women’s engagement in digital entrepreneurship in emerging economies with restrictive social and cultural practices. In so doing, we draw upon the analytical frameworks provided by entrepreneurship as emancipation and cyberfeminism. Using empirical data from an exploratory investigation of entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia, we examine how women use digital technologies in the pursuit of entrepreneurial opportunities. Our findings reveal that women in Saudi Arabia use digital entrepreneurship to transform their embodied selves and lived realities rather than to escape gender embodiment as offered by the online environment

Human Practice. Digital Ecologies. Our Future. : 14. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2019) : Tagungsband

Erschienen bei: universi - Universitätsverlag Siegen. - ISBN: 978-3-96182-063-4Aus dem Inhalt: Track 1: Produktion & Cyber-Physische Systeme Requirements and a Meta Model for Exchanging Additive Manufacturing Capacities Service Systems, Smart Service Systems and Cyber- Physical Systems—What’s the difference? Towards a Unified Terminology Developing an Industrial IoT Platform – Trade-off between Horizontal and Vertical Approaches Machine Learning und Complex Event Processing: Effiziente Echtzeitauswertung am Beispiel Smart Factory Sensor retrofit for a coffee machine as condition monitoring and predictive maintenance use case Stakeholder-Analyse zum Einsatz IIoT-basierter Frischeinformationen in der Lebensmittelindustrie Towards a Framework for Predictive Maintenance Strategies in Mechanical Engineering - A Method-Oriented Literature Analysis Development of a matching platform for the requirement-oriented selection of cyber physical systems for SMEs Track 2: Logistic Analytics An Empirical Study of Customers’ Behavioral Intention to Use Ridepooling Services – An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model Modeling Delay Propagation and Transmission in Railway Networks What is the impact of company specific adjustments on the acceptance and diffusion of logistic standards? Robust Route Planning in Intermodal Urban Traffic Track 3: Unternehmensmodellierung & Informationssystemgestaltung (Enterprise Modelling & Information Systems Design) Work System Modeling Method with Different Levels of Specificity and Rigor for Different Stakeholder Purposes Resolving Inconsistencies in Declarative Process Models based on Culpability Measurement Strategic Analysis in the Realm of Enterprise Modeling – On the Example of Blockchain-Based Initiatives for the Electricity Sector Zwischenbetriebliche Integration in der Möbelbranche: Konfigurationen und Einflussfaktoren Novices’ Quality Perceptions and the Acceptance of Process Modeling Grammars Entwicklung einer Definition für Social Business Objects (SBO) zur Modellierung von Unternehmensinformationen Designing a Reference Model for Digital Product Configurators Terminology for Evolving Design Artifacts Business Role-Object Specification: A Language for Behavior-aware Structural Modeling of Business Objects Generating Smart Glasses-based Information Systems with BPMN4SGA: A BPMN Extension for Smart Glasses Applications Using Blockchain in Peer-to-Peer Carsharing to Build Trust in the Sharing Economy Testing in Big Data: An Architecture Pattern for a Development Environment for Innovative, Integrated and Robust Applications Track 4: Lern- und Wissensmanagement (e-Learning and Knowledge Management) eGovernment Competences revisited – A Literature Review on necessary Competences in a Digitalized Public Sector Say Hello to Your New Automated Tutor – A Structured Literature Review on Pedagogical Conversational Agents Teaching the Digital Transformation of Business Processes: Design of a Simulation Game for Information Systems Education Conceptualizing Immersion for Individual Learning in Virtual Reality Designing a Flipped Classroom Course – a Process Model The Influence of Risk-Taking on Knowledge Exchange and Combination Gamified Feedback durch Avatare im Mobile Learning Alexa, Can You Help Me Solve That Problem? - Understanding the Value of Smart Personal Assistants as Tutors for Complex Problem Tasks Track 5: Data Science & Business Analytics Matching with Bundle Preferences: Tradeoff between Fairness and Truthfulness Applied image recognition: guidelines for using deep learning models in practice Yield Prognosis for the Agrarian Management of Vineyards using Deep Learning for Object Counting Reading Between the Lines of Qualitative Data – How to Detect Hidden Structure Based on Codes Online Auctions with Dual-Threshold Algorithms: An Experimental Study and Practical Evaluation Design Features of Non-Financial Reward Programs for Online Reviews: Evaluation based on Google Maps Data Topic Embeddings – A New Approach to Classify Very Short Documents Based on Predefined Topics Leveraging Unstructured Image Data for Product Quality Improvement Decision Support for Real Estate Investors: Improving Real Estate Valuation with 3D City Models and Points of Interest Knowledge Discovery from CVs: A Topic Modeling Procedure Online Product Descriptions – Boost for your Sales? Entscheidungsunterstützung durch historienbasierte Dienstreihenfolgeplanung mit Pattern A Semi-Automated Approach for Generating Online Review Templates Machine Learning goes Measure Management: Leveraging Anomaly Detection and Parts Search to Improve Product-Cost Optimization Bedeutung von Predictive Analytics für den theoretischen Erkenntnisgewinn in der IS-Forschung Track 6: Digitale Transformation und Dienstleistungen Heuristic Theorizing in Software Development: Deriving Design Principles for Smart Glasses-based Systems Mirroring E-service for Brick and Mortar Retail: An Assessment and Survey Taxonomy of Digital Platforms: A Platform Architecture Perspective Value of Star Players in the Digital Age Local Shopping Platforms – Harnessing Locational Advantages for the Digital Transformation of Local Retail Outlets: A Content Analysis A Socio-Technical Approach to Manage Analytics-as-a-Service – Results of an Action Design Research Project Characterizing Approaches to Digital Transformation: Development of a Taxonomy of Digital Units Expectations vs. Reality – Benefits of Smart Services in the Field of Tension between Industry and Science Innovation Networks and Digital Innovation: How Organizations Use Innovation Networks in a Digitized Environment Characterising Social Reading Platforms— A Taxonomy-Based Approach to Structure the Field Less Complex than Expected – What Really Drives IT Consulting Value Modularity Canvas – A Framework for Visualizing Potentials of Service Modularity Towards a Conceptualization of Capabilities for Innovating Business Models in the Industrial Internet of Things A Taxonomy of Barriers to Digital Transformation Ambidexterity in Service Innovation Research: A Systematic Literature Review Design and success factors of an online solution for cross-pillar pension information Track 7: IT-Management und -Strategie A Frugal Support Structure for New Software Implementations in SMEs How to Structure a Company-wide Adoption of Big Data Analytics The Changing Roles of Innovation Actors and Organizational Antecedents in the Digital Age Bewertung des Kundennutzens von Chatbots für den Einsatz im Servicedesk Understanding the Benefits of Agile Software Development in Regulated Environments Are Employees Following the Rules? On the Effectiveness of IT Consumerization Policies Agile and Attached: The Impact of Agile Practices on Agile Team Members’ Affective Organisational Commitment The Complexity Trap – Limits of IT Flexibility for Supporting Organizational Agility in Decentralized Organizations Platform Openness: A Systematic Literature Review and Avenues for Future Research Competence, Fashion and the Case of Blockchain The Digital Platform Otto.de: A Case Study of Growth, Complexity, and Generativity Track 8: eHealth & alternde Gesellschaft Security and Privacy of Personal Health Records in Cloud Computing Environments – An Experimental Exploration of the Impact of Storage Solutions and Data Breaches Patientenintegration durch Pfadsysteme Digitalisierung in der Stressprävention – eine qualitative Interviewstudie zu Nutzenpotenzialen User Dynamics in Mental Health Forums – A Sentiment Analysis Perspective Intent and the Use of Wearables in the Workplace – A Model Development Understanding Patient Pathways in the Context of Integrated Health Care Services - Implications from a Scoping Review Understanding the Habitual Use of Wearable Activity Trackers On the Fit in Fitness Apps: Studying the Interaction of Motivational Affordances and Users’ Goal Orientations in Affecting the Benefits Gained Gamification in Health Behavior Change Support Systems - A Synthesis of Unintended Side Effects Investigating the Influence of Information Incongruity on Trust-Relations within Trilateral Healthcare Settings Track 9: Krisen- und Kontinuitätsmanagement Potentiale von IKT beim Ausfall kritischer Infrastrukturen: Erwartungen, Informationsgewinnung und Mediennutzung der Zivilbevölkerung in Deutschland Fake News Perception in Germany: A Representative Study of People’s Attitudes and Approaches to Counteract Disinformation Analyzing the Potential of Graphical Building Information for Fire Emergency Responses: Findings from a Controlled Experiment Track 10: Human-Computer Interaction Towards a Taxonomy of Platforms for Conversational Agent Design Measuring Service Encounter Satisfaction with Customer Service Chatbots using Sentiment Analysis Self-Tracking and Gamification: Analyzing the Interplay of Motivations, Usage and Motivation Fulfillment Erfolgsfaktoren von Augmented-Reality-Applikationen: Analyse von Nutzerrezensionen mit dem Review-Mining-Verfahren Designing Dynamic Decision Support for Electronic Requirements Negotiations Who is Stressed by Using ICTs? A Qualitative Comparison Analysis with the Big Five Personality Traits to Understand Technostress Walking the Middle Path: How Medium Trade-Off Exposure Leads to Higher Consumer Satisfaction in Recommender Agents Theory-Based Affordances of Utilitarian, Hedonic and Dual-Purposed Technologies: A Literature Review Eliciting Customer Preferences for Shopping Companion Apps: A Service Quality Approach The Role of Early User Participation in Discovering Software – A Case Study from the Context of Smart Glasses The Fluidity of the Self-Concept as a Framework to Explain the Motivation to Play Video Games Heart over Heels? An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Emotions and Review Helpfulness for Experience and Credence Goods Track 11: Information Security and Information Privacy Unfolding Concerns about Augmented Reality Technologies: A Qualitative Analysis of User Perceptions To (Psychologically) Own Data is to Protect Data: How Psychological Ownership Determines Protective Behavior in a Work and Private Context Understanding Data Protection Regulations from a Data Management Perspective: A Capability-Based Approach to EU-GDPR On the Difficulties of Incentivizing Online Privacy through Transparency: A Qualitative Survey of the German Health Insurance Market What is Your Selfie Worth? A Field Study on Individuals’ Valuation of Personal Data Justification of Mass Surveillance: A Quantitative Study An Exploratory Study of Risk Perception for Data Disclosure to a Network of Firms Track 12: Umweltinformatik und nachhaltiges Wirtschaften Kommunikationsfäden im Nadelöhr – Fachliche Prozessmodellierung der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation am Kapitalmarkt Potentiale und Herausforderungen der Materialflusskostenrechnung Computing Incentives for User-Based Relocation in Carsharing Sustainability’s Coming Home: Preliminary Design Principles for the Sustainable Smart District Substitution of hazardous chemical substances using Deep Learning and t-SNE A Hierarchy of DSMLs in Support of Product Life-Cycle Assessment A Survey of Smart Energy Services for Private Households Door-to-Door Mobility Integrators as Keystone Organizations of Smart Ecosystems: Resources and Value Co-Creation – A Literature Review Ein Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem zur ökonomischen Bewertung von Mieterstrom auf Basis der Clusteranalyse Discovering Blockchain for Sustainable Product-Service Systems to enhance the Circular Economy Digitale Rückverfolgbarkeit von Lebensmitteln: Eine verbraucherinformatische Studie Umweltbewusstsein durch audiovisuelles Content Marketing? Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zur Konsumentenbewertung nachhaltiger Smartphones Towards Predictive Energy Management in Information Systems: A Research Proposal A Web Browser-Based Application for Processing and Analyzing Material Flow Models using the MFCA Methodology Track 13: Digital Work - Social, mobile, smart On Conversational Agents in Information Systems Research: Analyzing the Past to Guide Future Work The Potential of Augmented Reality for Improving Occupational First Aid Prevent a Vicious Circle! The Role of Organizational IT-Capability in Attracting IT-affine Applicants Good, Bad, or Both? Conceptualization and Measurement of Ambivalent User Attitudes Towards AI A Case Study on Cross-Hierarchical Communication in Digital Work Environments ‘Show Me Your People Skills’ - Employing CEO Branding for Corporate Reputation Management in Social Media A Multiorganisational Study of the Drivers and Barriers of Enterprise Collaboration Systems-Enabled Change The More the Merrier? The Effect of Size of Core Team Subgroups on Success of Open Source Projects The Impact of Anthropomorphic and Functional Chatbot Design Features in Enterprise Collaboration Systems on User Acceptance Digital Feedback for Digital Work? Affordances and Constraints of a Feedback App at InsurCorp The Effect of Marker-less Augmented Reality on Task and Learning Performance Antecedents for Cyberloafing – A Literature Review Internal Crowd Work as a Source of Empowerment - An Empirical Analysis of the Perception of Employees in a Crowdtesting Project Track 14: Geschäftsmodelle und digitales Unternehmertum Dividing the ICO Jungle: Extracting and Evaluating Design Archetypes Capturing Value from Data: Exploring Factors Influencing Revenue Model Design for Data-Driven Services Understanding the Role of Data for Innovating Business Models: A System Dynamics Perspective Business Model Innovation and Stakeholder: Exploring Mechanisms and Outcomes of Value Creation and Destruction Business Models for Internet of Things Platforms: Empirical Development of a Taxonomy and Archetypes Revitalizing established Industrial Companies: State of the Art and Success Principles of Digital Corporate Incubators When 1+1 is Greater than 2: Concurrence of Additional Digital and Established Business Models within Companies Special Track 1: Student Track Investigating Personalized Price Discrimination of Textile-, Electronics- and General Stores in German Online Retail From Facets to a Universal Definition – An Analysis of IoT Usage in Retail Is the Technostress Creators Inventory Still an Up-To-Date Measurement Instrument? Results of a Large-Scale Interview Study Application of Media Synchronicity Theory to Creative Tasks in Virtual Teams Using the Example of Design Thinking TrustyTweet: An Indicator-based Browser-Plugin to Assist Users in Dealing with Fake News on Twitter Application of Process Mining Techniques to Support Maintenance-Related Objectives How Voice Can Change Customer Satisfaction: A Comparative Analysis between E-Commerce and Voice Commerce Business Process Compliance and Blockchain: How Does the Ethereum Blockchain Address Challenges of Business Process Compliance? Improving Business Model Configuration through a Question-based Approach The Influence of Situational Factors and Gamification on Intrinsic Motivation and Learning Evaluation von ITSM-Tools für Integration und Management von Cloud-Diensten am Beispiel von ServiceNow How Software Promotes the Integration of Sustainability in Business Process Management Criteria Catalog for Industrial IoT Platforms from the Perspective of the Machine Tool Industry Special Track 3: Demos & Prototyping Privacy-friendly User Location Tracking with Smart Devices: The BeaT Prototype Application-oriented robotics in nursing homes Augmented Reality for Set-up Processe Mixed Reality for supporting Remote-Meetings Gamification zur Motivationssteigerung von Werkern bei der Betriebsdatenerfassung Automatically Extracting and Analyzing Customer Needs from Twitter: A “Needmining” Prototype GaNEsHA: Opportunities for Sustainable Transportation in Smart Cities TUCANA: A platform for using local processing power of edge devices for building data-driven services Demonstrator zur Beschreibung und Visualisierung einer kritischen Infrastruktur Entwicklung einer alltagsnahen persuasiven App zur Bewegungsmotivation für ältere Nutzerinnen und Nutzer A browser-based modeling tool for studying the learning of conceptual modeling based on a multi-modal data collection approach Exergames & Dementia: An interactive System for People with Dementia and their Care-Network Workshops Workshop Ethics and Morality in Business Informatics (Workshop Ethik und Moral in der Wirtschaftsinformatik – EMoWI’19) Model-Based Compliance in Information Systems - Foundations, Case Description and Data Set of the MobIS-Challenge for Students and Doctoral Candidates Report of the Workshop on Concepts and Methods of Identifying Digital Potentials in Information Management Control of Systemic Risks in Global Networks - A Grand Challenge to Information Systems Research Die Mitarbeiter von morgen - Kompetenzen künftiger Mitarbeiter im Bereich Business Analytics Digitaler Konsum: Herausforderungen und Chancen der Verbraucherinformati

Characterization and identification of atypical diabetes in pediatric patients

The aim of this thesis was to better characterize drug-induced diabetes and monogenic diabetes in pediatrics, as both are currently understudied and misdiagnosed. We first identified children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at risk of hyperglycemia (HG) by considering overweight, puberty, steroid-resistant disease, and stem cells transplantation as risk factors. Secondly, we showed that children undergoing liver or renal transplantation were more at risk of HG when they required glucocorticoids or had complications such as graft rejection or infection. Also, we highlighted that HG occurred systematically in the afternoon and was characterized by insulin resistance detected only by the oral glucose tolerance test. Finally, we demonstrated the efficacy of our new score in detecting monogenic diabetes, and introduced new clinical features to help clinicians identify atypical forms of diabetes: C-peptide secretion and the IDAA1C and GTAA1C scores.(BIFA - Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques) -- UCL, 202

Hyperglycemia in pediatric liver transplantation

Introduction: After liver transplant (LT), hyperglycemia (HG) is a common complication and is associated to an unfavorable prognosis, a persistent diabetes onset and an increased cardiovascular event. However, in pediatric LT, incidence of HG, its occurrence, persistence, and predispositions remain understudied. Objectives: Therefore, the objectives of our study were the characterization and evolution of hyperglycemia in children with LT and the analysis of their glycemic profile. Methods: We collected 7-years data about 195 children with LT in Brussels to characterize hyperglycemia and associated risk factors in multivariate analyses, and we followed five children with LT during the most critical moment of HG to analyze their glycemic profile. Hyperglycemia was defined as a glycemia exceeded 200 mg/dL, for at least two measurements separated by 24 hours, outside the day of LT. Results: Our retrospective study showed that 24% of LT children presented hyperglycemia and its onset was between 0 and 14 days after transplant. Multivariate analysis showed that children with LT who benefited of steroids (OR 2,51) for a graft rejection and/or had a virus infection (OR 2,05) were more at risk to develop hyperglycemia. Glucose sensors showed that HG was present in the post-prandial afternoon for all LT children. Conclusions: Our study shows that children with LT were more at risk of developing hyperglycemia when they required the use of steroids or when they had a viral infection, and that the measurement of blood glucose during the first month posttransplantand in the post-prandial period is essential to detect glycemic abnormalities

Etiology-based diagnosis of pediatric patients with atypical diabetes using routine and omic-based phenotyping and genotyping

Introduction: Among the two main forms of diabetes (type 1 and 2), rare subtypes of the disease called monogenic diabetes (MODY) are hardly diagnosed because of their resemblance to them. This may deprive the patient of an appropriate treatment, which could be simplified (oral antidiabetics replacing insulin) or multidisciplinary. Objectives: Improve the diagnosis of atypical forms of diabetes with the creation of a predictive score. Methods: A Belgian study consortium was created to screen, using routine diagnostic tools, for monogenic forms of diabetes in pediatric patients followed for diabetes. We compiled the most representative clinical features of monogenic diabetes (e.g. lack of anti-islet antibodies, residual C-peptide secretion and low glycemic variability; features not considered by the MODY calculator) into a new diagnostic tool, the DIAMODIA score. Patients enrolled were phenotyped (e.g. glycemic variability, multiplex serum protein assays) and patients fulfilling sufficient criteria were genotyped (whole-exome sequencing using NGS). Gene-phenotype correlations were performed using bioinformatics. Results: A cohort of 446 patients diagnosed with diabetes was evaluated. Our DIAMODIA score identified a subgroup of 109 patients likely to present atypical diabetes. Routine MODY gene panel analysis identified 34 patients with class 5 variant (the “mody” cohort). The in-depth WES analysis identified 37 ADia patients (the “ADia cohort”) with class 3 variant, providing our DIAMODIA score a yield of 31% for class 5 and 34% for class 3 variant positivity. Data derived from the ADia cohort confirmed the following characteristics: absence of anti-islet antibodies, residual C-peptide secretion. Also, low levels of glycemic variability were key in identifying ADia patients with variants. DIAMODIA score was revised to present the variables most predictive of having a potentiel variant. Conclusions: Phenotyping and genotyping helped us decipher new variables and molecular elements in patients with atypical diabetes

Early Treatment with Empagliflozin and GABA Improves -Cell Mass and Glucose Tolerance in Streptozotocin-Treated Mice.

While the autoimmune character of T1D (type 1 diabetes) is being challenged, it is currently recognized that inflammation plays a key role in its development. We hypothesized that glucotoxicity could contribute to -cell mass destruction through participation in islet inflammation. We evaluated the potential of empagliflozin (EMPA) and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) to protect -cell mass against glucotoxicity and to increase -cell mass after diagnosis of T1D. Empagliflozin is a SGLT2 (sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter) inhibitor which thereby blocks glucose recapture by the kidney and promotes glucose excretion in urine. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which stimulates -to- cell transdifferentiation. In streptozotocin-treated mice, empagliflozin and/or GABA were delivered for a period of five days or three weeks. As compared to untreated T1D mice, EMPA-treated T1D mice had decreased FFA (free fatty acid) levels and improved glucose homeostasis. EMPA-treated T1D mice had higher islet density, with preserved architecture, compared to T1D mice, and EMPA-treated T1D mice also differed from T1D mice by the total absence of immune cell infiltration within islets. Islets from EMPA-treated mice were also less subjected to ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress and inflammation, as shown by qPCR analysis. Glucose homeostasis parameters and islet area/pancreas area ratio improved, as compared to diabetic controls, when T1D mice were treated for three weeks with GABA and EMPA. T1D EMPA+GABA mice had higher glucagon levels than T1D mice, without modifications of glucagon area/islet area ratios. In conclusion, empagliflozin and GABA, used in monotherapy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, have positive effects on -cell mass preservation or proliferation through an indirect effect on islet cell inflammation and ER stress. Further research is mandatory to evaluate whether empagliflozin and GABA may be a potential therapeutic target for the protection of -cell mass after new-onset T1D

Etiology-based diagnosis of pediatric patients with atypical diabetes using routine and omic-based phenotyping and genotyping : results from the GENEPEDIAB Study

POSTE