Lattice Relaxation in Epitaxial BaTiO3_3 Thin Films

We have investigated the out-of-plane lattice relaxation related to the ferroelectric transitions in epitaxial BaTiO$_3$ (BTO) films using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Under either compressive strain or tensile strain, there is evidence for two structural phase transitions as a function of temperature. The transition temperature $T_C$ is a strong function of strain, which can be as much as 100 K above the corresponding $T_C$ in bulk. Under compressive strain, the tetragonality of BTO unit cell implies that the polarization of the first ferroelectric phase is out-of-plane, while under tensile strain, the polarization is in-plane. The transitions at lower temperature may correspond to the $aa\to r$ or $c\to r$ transitions, following the notations by Pertsev \textit{et al}. The orientations of the domains are consistent with theoretical predictions.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Investigation of upper-surface-blowing nacelle integration at cruise speeds utilizing powered engine simulators

Various overwing nacelle designs were investigated on a representative four engine short haul aircraft configuration during a combined analytical and experimental program. Design conditions were M sub o = 0.7 and C sub L = 0.4. All nacelles had D shaped nozzle exits and included a streamline contoured design, a low boattail angle reference configuration, and a high boattail angle powered lift design. Testing was done with the design four engine airplane configuration as well as with only inboard nacelles installed. Turbopowered engine simulators were used to provide realistic representation of nacelle flows. Performance trends are compared for the various nacelle designs. In addition, comparisons are presented between analytical and experimental pressure distributions and between flow through and powered simulator results

ANDY BEAL’S CONJECTURE ( PART1 AND PART 2)

This paper provides an algebraic mathematical proof to the below and proves their validity. 1)     The Andy Beal’s conjecture 2)     The Fermats last theorem 3)     The Wells summation conjecture 4)     The Goldbach conjecture 5)     The existence of  solitary numbers eg -10 Keywords: conjecture, vector analysis, three dimension, two dimension, increment, complex, law of algebra, prime factor, domain, algorithm, input, integer, real number line, dual set, magnitude, resultant, compute, binary, hack, twelve, shrink, standard, probability, linear equation, intersect, finite, 2% logarithmic, surds, narrow range, 98%, one dimensional space, compare, determine, flow, generalization,  infinity, independent, error, constant (k), dependent, graph, discretely, unaffected, HSIV, 4-input synchronous tetra- set, S4ISC, frequency, per binary input (BPI), aeroplane, run way, air friction, air resistance, take off angle,  plane crash, geometry, optimum, slope, partially collapsed, totally collapsed, supremacy, incoherence, airflight study, name, equation index or factor, honour, constant factor, economics, start discontinuity, man, robot, creation, simultaneously, cage theory, like energies

BEAL’S CONJECTURE

This paper provides algebraic mathematical proof to 6 unsolved problems in mathematics (number theory) and 3 others. 1)       The Beal’s conjecture (invalid forever) 2)       The Wells summation theorem 3)       The Fermats last theorem (376yrs- invalid forever) 4)       Unification engine of  all Power  summations 5)       The Goldbach conjecture (271yrs-valid forever) 6)       The proof of solitary -10-(valid forever ) 7)       NP VS P-problem,[ANS=NP≠P =[ NP- UNTIL- P ]= [NP-R-EI-T-P] 8)       The Riemann Hypothesis (invalid forever) 9)       Power summation pyramid-Carnox pyramid Keywords: conjecture, vector analysis, three dimension, two dimension, increment, complex, law of algebra, prime factor, domain, algorithm, input, integer, real number line, dual set, magnitude, resultant, compute, binary, hack, twelve, shrink, standard, probability, linear equation, intersect, finite, 2% logarithmic, surds, narrow range, 98%, one dimensional space, compare, determine, flow, generalization,  infinity, independent, error, constant (k), dependent, graph, discretely, unaffected, HSIV, 4-input synchronous tetra- set, S4ISC, frequency, per binary input (BPI), aeroplane, run way, air friction, air resistance, take off angle, plane crash, geometry, optimum, slope, partially collapsed, totally collapsed, supremacy, incoherence, airflight study, name, equation index or factor, honour, constant factor, economics, start discontinuity, man, robot, creation, simultaneously, cage theory, like energies, function solute, trivial, non-trivial, unplu

A Cholecystokinin B Receptor-Specific Aptamer Does Not Activate Receptor Signaling

Targeted nanoparticles which deliver effective doses of chemotherapeutic drugs directly to pancreatic tumors could improve treatment efficacy without the toxicities associated with systemic drug administration. One protein on tumor cells that can be targeted by nanoparticles is a G-protein coupled cell surface receptor, the cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR). Previously, we had shown that attaching the CCKBR ligand gastrin to the surface of nanoparticles can enhance their up-take by tumors. The drawback of using gastrin is that it can also activate the receptor, causing tumor cell growth. This study shows that a DNA aptamer that binds to the CCKBR and enhances nanoparticle up-take by tumors does not activate this receptor. PANC-1 cells, a cultured human pancreatic cancer cell line, were treated for 24 h with CCKBR aptamer 1153. Cell lysates were run on Bis-Tris gels, transferred to membranes, blocked in 5% BSA and incubated overnight with primary antibodies, including antibodies directly against phosphorylated-Akt (Ser473), total Akt, and beta-actin, a protein loading control. Although the CCKBR aptamer 1153 is internalized by pancreatic cancer cells in a receptor-mediated fashion, it does not stimulate cell proliferation. Because of this, we anticipate that it will not activate CCKBR signaling. If aptamer 1153 does not activate downstream receptor signaling, our future work will test whether the aptamer could be used to specifically direct drug-containing nanoparticles to tumors, making chemotherapy treatments for pancreatic cancer patients more effective with fewer off-target effects and toxicity