1,084 research outputs found
LHC and ILC probes of hidden-sector gauge bosons
Intersecting D-brane theories motivate the existence of exotic U(1) gauge
bosons that only interact with the Standard Model through kinetic mixing with
hypercharge. We analyze an effective field theory description of this effect
and describe the implications of these exotic gauge bosons on precision
electroweak, LHC and ILC observables.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, RevTex, PRD, v3: expanded discussions, ref
Probing the Green-Schwarz Mechanism at the Large Hadron Collider
We investigate the phenomenology of new abelian gauge bosons, which we denote
as bosons, that suffer a mixed anomaly with the Standard Model, but are
made self-consistent by the Green-Schwarz mechanism. A distinguishing aspect of
the resulting effective theory is the decay of bosons into Standard Model
gauge bosons, . We compute the production cross-section
of the boson from vector boson fusion at the Large Hadron Collider. We
study the signal, and analyze the prospects of discovery.
We argue that such a discovery could indirectly probe high energies, even up to
the string scale.Comment: 14 pages, references adde
Probing CP-violation at colliders through interference effects in diboson production and decay
We define a CP-asymmetric observable that is sensitive to CP-violating
interactions in the gauge-boson sector. We illustrate the utility of this
observable by studying how well the LHC can measure the coefficient of a
particular dimension-six WWZ operator. We find that sensitivity at the 10^{-3}
level is possible at the LHC with 100 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity, which
would greatly exceed the sensitivity achieved at LEP, and would rival or may
even better the indirect sensitivities inferred from related operators
constrained by electric dipole moment experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, LaTe
Higgs Boson Exempt No-Scale Supersymmetry and its Collider and Cosmology Implications
One of the most straightforward ways to address the flavor problem of
low-energy supersymmetry is to arrange for the scalar soft terms to vanish
simultaneously at a scale much larger than the electroweak scale. This
occurs naturally in a number of scenarios, such as no-scale models, gaugino
mediation, and several models with strong conformal dynamics. Unfortunately,
the most basic version of this approach that incorporates gaugino mass
unification and zero scalar masses at the grand unification scale is not
compatible with collider and dark matter constraints. However, experimental
constraints can be satisfied if we exempt the Higgs bosons from flowing to zero
mass value at the high scale. We survey the theoretical constructions that
allow this, and investigate the collider and dark matter consequences. A
generic feature is that the sleptons are relatively light. Because of this,
these models frequently give a significant contribution to the anomalous
magnetic moment of the muon, and neutralino-slepton coannihilation can play an
important role in obtaining an acceptable dark matter relic density.
Furthermore, the light sleptons give rise to a large multiplicity of lepton
events at colliders, including a potentially suggestive clean trilepton signal
at the Tevatron, and a substantial four lepton signature at the LHC.Comment: 36 pages, 16 figure
Higgs Boson Exempt No-Scale Supersymmetry with a Neutrino Seesaw: Implications for Lepton Flavor Violation and Leptogenesis
Motivated by the observation of neutrino oscillations, we extend the Higgs
boson exempt no-scale supersymmetry model (HENS) by adding three heavy
right-handed neutrino chiral supermultiplets to generate the light neutrino
masses and mixings. The neutrino Yukawa couplings can induce new lepton flavor
violating couplings among the soft terms in the course of renormalization group
running down from the boundary scale. We study the effects this has on the
predictions for low-energy probes of lepton flavor violation(LFV). Heavy
right-handed neutrinos also provide a way to generate the baryon asymmetry
through leptogenesis. We find that consistency with LFV and leptogenesis puts
strong requirements on either the form of the Yukawa mass matrix or the
smallness of the Higgs up soft mass. In all cases, we generically expect that
new physics LFV is non-zero and can be found in a future experiment.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures; Added a referenc
Vacuum Stability with Tachyonic Boundary Higgs Masses in No-Scale Supersymmetry or Gaugino Mediation
No-scale supersymmetry or gaugino mediation augmented with large negative
Higgs soft masses at the input scale provides a simple solution to the
supersymmetric flavor problem while giving rise to a neutralino LSP. However,
to obtain a neutralino LSP it is often necessary to have tachyonic input Higgs
soft masses that can give rise to charge-and-color-breaking (CCB) minima and
unbounded-from-below (UFB) directions in the low energy theory. We investigate
the vacuum structure in these theories to determine when such problematic
features are present. When the standard electroweak vacuum is only metastable,
we compute its lifetime under vacuum tunneling. We find that vacuum
metastability leads to severe restrictions on the parameter space for larger
, while for smaller , only minor
restrictions are found. Along the way, we derive an exact bounce solution for
tunneling through an inverted parabolic potential.Comment: 18 Pages, 5 Figure
Microarray patch delivery of un-adjuvanted influenza vaccine induces potent and broad-spectrum immune responses in a phase I clinical trial
Microarray patches (MAPs) offer the possibility of improved vaccine thermostability and dose-sparing potential as well as the potential to be safer, more acceptable, easier to use and more cost-effective for the administration of vaccines than injection by needle and syringe. Here, we report a phase I trial (ACTRN12618000112268/ U1111-1207-3550) using the Vaxxas high-density MAP (HD-MAP) to deliver a monovalent influenza vaccine to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of lower doses of influenza vaccine delivered by MAPs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study determining dose reduction potential using MAPs in humans. Monovalent, split inactivated influenza virus vaccine containing A/Singapore/GP1908/ 2015 [H1N1] haemagglutinin (HA) was delivered by MAP into the volar forearm or upper arm, or given intramuscularly (IM) once. Participants (20 per group) received HD-MAPs delivering doses of 15, 10, 5, 2.5 or 0 µg of HA or an IM injection of quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV). In two subgroups, skin biopsies were taken on days 1 (pre-vaccination) and 4 for analysis of the cellular composition from the HD-MAP application sites. All laboratory investigators were blind to treatment and participant allocation. The primary objectives of the study were safety and tolerability. Secondary objectives included immunogenicity and dose de-escalation assessments of the influenza vaccine delivered by HD-MAP. Both objectives were assessed for up to 60 days post-vaccination.
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Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of influenza vaccination with a high-density microarray patch: Results from a randomized, controlled phase I clinical trial.
BACKGROUND: The Vaxxas high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) consists of a high density of microprojections coated with vaccine for delivery into the skin. Microarray patches (MAPs) offer the possibility of improved vaccine thermostability as well as the potential to be safer, more acceptable, easier to use, and more cost-effective for the administration of vaccines than injection by needle and syringe (N&S). Here, we report a phase I trial using the Vaxxas HD-MAP to deliver a monovalent influenza vaccine that was to the best of our knowledge the first clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of lower doses of influenza vaccine delivered by MAPs. METHODS AND FINDINGS: HD-MAPs were coated with a monovalent, split inactivated influenza virus vaccine containing A/Singapore/GP1908/2015 H1N1 haemagglutinin (HA). Between February 2018 and March 2018, 60 healthy adults (age 18-35 years) in Melbourne, Australia were enrolled into part A of the study and vaccinated with either: HD-MAPs delivering 15 μg of A/Singapore/GP1908/2015 H1N1 HA antigen (A-Sing) to the volar forearm (FA); uncoated HD-MAPs; intramuscular (IM) injection of commercially available quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) containing A/Singapore/GP1908/2015 H1N1 HA (15 μg/dose); or IM injection of H1N1 HA antigen (15 μg/dose). After 22 days' follow-up and assessment of the safety data, a further 150 healthy adults were enrolled and randomly assigned to 1 of 9 treatment groups. Participants (20 per group) were vaccinated with HD-MAPs delivering doses of 15, 10, 5, 2.5, or 0 μg of HA to the FA or 15 μg HA to the upper arm (UA), or IM injection of QIV. The primary objectives of the study were safety and tolerability. Secondary objectives were to assess the immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine delivered by HD-MAP. Primary and secondary objectives were assessed for up to 60 days post-vaccination. Clinical staff and participants were blind as to which HD-MAP treatment was administered and to administration of IM-QIV-15 or IM-A/Sing-15. All laboratory investigators were blind to treatment and participant allocation. Two further groups in part B (5 participants per group), not included in the main safety and immunological analysis, received HD-MAPs delivering 15 μg HA or uncoated HD-MAPs applied to the forearm. Biopsies were taken on days 1 and 4 for analysis of the cellular composition from the HD-MAP application sites. The vaccine coated onto HD-MAPs was antigenically stable when stored at 40°C for at least 12 months. HD-MAP vaccination was safe and well tolerated; any systemic or local adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate. Observed systemic AEs were mostly headache or myalgia, and local AEs were application-site reactions, usually erythema. HD-MAP administration of 2.5 μg HA induced haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and microneutralisation (MN) titres that were not significantly different to those induced by 15 μg HA injected IM (IM-QIV-15). HD-MAP delivery resulted in enhanced humoral responses compared with IM injection with higher HAI geometric mean titres (GMTs) at day 8 in the MAP-UA-15 (GMT 242.5, 95% CI 133.2-441.5), MAP-FA-15 (GMT 218.6, 95% CI 111.9-427.0), and MAP-FA-10 (GMT 437.1, 95% CI 254.3-751.3) groups compared with IM-QIV-15 (GMT 82.8, 95% CI 42.4-161.8), p = 0.02, p = 0.04, p < 0.001 for MAP-UA-15, MAP-FA-15, and MAP-FA-10, respectively. Higher titres were also observed at day 22 in the MAP-FA-10 (GMT 485.0, 95% CI 301.5-780.2, p = 0.001) and MAP-UA-15 (367.6, 95% CI 197.9-682.7, p = 0.02) groups compared with the IM-QIV-15 group (GMT 139.3, 95% CI 79.3-244.5). Results from a panel of exploratory immunoassays (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, CD4+ T-cell cytokine production, memory B cell (MBC) activation, and recognition of non-vaccine strains) indicated that, overall, Vaxxas HD-MAP delivery induced immune responses that were similar to, or higher than, those induced by IM injection of QIV. The small group sizes and use of a monovalent influenza vaccine were limitations of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccine coated onto the HD-MAP was stable stored at temperatures up to 40°C. Vaccination using the HD-MAP was safe and well tolerated and resulted in immune responses that were similar to or significantly enhanced compared with IM injection. Using the HD-MAP, a 2.5 μg dose (1/6 of the standard dose) induced HAI and MN titres similar to those induced by 15 μg HA injected IM. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR.org.au), trial ID 108 ACTRN12618000112268/U1111-1207-3550
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