4 research outputs found
Encoding Seasonal Climate Predictions for Demand Forecasting with Modular Neural Network
Current time-series forecasting problems use short-term weather attributes as
exogenous inputs. However, in specific time-series forecasting solutions (e.g.,
demand prediction in the supply chain), seasonal climate predictions are
crucial to improve its resilience. Representing mid to long-term seasonal
climate forecasts is challenging as seasonal climate predictions are uncertain,
and encoding spatio-temporal relationship of climate forecasts with demand is
complex.
We propose a novel modeling framework that efficiently encodes seasonal
climate predictions to provide robust and reliable time-series forecasting for
supply chain functions. The encoding framework enables effective learning of
latent representations -- be it uncertain seasonal climate prediction or other
time-series data (e.g., buyer patterns) -- via a modular neural network
architecture. Our extensive experiments indicate that learning such
representations to model seasonal climate forecast results in an error
reduction of approximately 13\% to 17\% across multiple real-world data sets
compared to existing demand forecasting methods.Comment: 15 page
AI Foundation Models for Weather and Climate: Applications, Design, and Implementation
Machine learning and deep learning methods have been widely explored in
understanding the chaotic behavior of the atmosphere and furthering weather
forecasting. There has been increasing interest from technology companies,
government institutions, and meteorological agencies in building digital twins
of the Earth. Recent approaches using transformers, physics-informed machine
learning, and graph neural networks have demonstrated state-of-the-art
performance on relatively narrow spatiotemporal scales and specific tasks. With
the recent success of generative artificial intelligence (AI) using pre-trained
transformers for language modeling and vision with prompt engineering and
fine-tuning, we are now moving towards generalizable AI. In particular, we are
witnessing the rise of AI foundation models that can perform competitively on
multiple domain-specific downstream tasks. Despite this progress, we are still
in the nascent stages of a generalizable AI model for global Earth system
models, regional climate models, and mesoscale weather models. Here, we review
current state-of-the-art AI approaches, primarily from transformer and operator
learning literature in the context of meteorology. We provide our perspective
on criteria for success towards a family of foundation models for nowcasting
and forecasting weather and climate predictions. We also discuss how such
models can perform competitively on downstream tasks such as downscaling
(super-resolution), identifying conditions conducive to the occurrence of
wildfires, and predicting consequential meteorological phenomena across various
spatiotemporal scales such as hurricanes and atmospheric rivers. In particular,
we examine current AI methodologies and contend they have matured enough to
design and implement a weather foundation model.Comment: 44 pages, 1 figure, updated Fig.
AI for climate impacts: applications in flood risk
Abstract In recent years there has been a surge of interest in the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to address the global threat of climate change. Here, we consider climate change applications, and review the ability of AI technologies to better quantify climate change-induced hazards, impacts and risks, and address key challenges in this domain. We focus on three application areas: data-driven modeling, enabling uncertainty quantification, and leveraging geospatial big data. For these, we provide examples from flood-related applications to illustrate the advantages of AI, in comparison to alternative methods, whilst also considering its limitations. We conclude that by streamlining the process of translating weather and climate data into actionable information, facilitated by a suitable technology framework, AI can play a key role in building climate change resilience
A Summer School Session on Mastering Geospatial Artificial Intelligence: From Data Production to Artificial Intelligence Foundation Model Development and Downstream Applications [Technical Committees]
In collaboration with IBM Research, the NASA Interagency Implementation and Advanced Concepts Team (IMPACT) organized a specialized one-day summer school session focused on exploring the topic of data science at scale. This session was a part of the “High Performance and Disruptive Computing in Remote Sensing” summer school hosted by the University of Iceland from 29 May to 1 June 2023 in Reykjavik, Iceland. This marked the third edition of the school organised by the High Performance and Disruptive Computing in Remote Sensing (HDCRS) Working Group of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society’s (GRSS’s) Earth Science Informatics (ESI) Technical Committee (TC)