Assembled contig length distribution of the <i>B.dorsalis</i> transcriptome.

<p>The x-axis indicates contig size and the y-axis indicates the number of contigs of each size.</p

Bacterial Communities in the Gut and Reproductive Organs of <i>Bactrocera minax</i> (<i>Diptera: Tephritidae</i>) Based on 454 Pyrosequencing

<div><p>The citrus fruit fly <i>Bactrocera minax</i> is associated with diverse bacterial communities. We used a 454 pyrosequencing technology to study in depth the microbial communities associated with gut and reproductive organs of <i>Bactrocera minax</i>. Our dataset consisted of 100,749 reads with an average length of 400 bp. The saturated rarefaction curves and species richness indices indicate that the sampling was comprehensive. We found highly diverse bacterial communities, with individual sample containing approximately 361 microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A total of 17 bacterial phyla were obtained from the flies. A phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA revealed that <i>Proteobacteria</i> was dominant in all samples (75%–95%). <i>Actinobacteria</i> and <i>Firmicutes</i> were also commonly found in the total clones. <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Citrobacter</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>, and <i>Serratia</i> were the major genera. However, bacterial diversity (Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indices) and community structure (PCA analysis) varied across samples. Female ovary has the most diverse bacteria, followed by male testis, and the bacteria diversity of reproductive organs is richer than that of the gut. The observed variation can be caused by sex and tissue, possibly to meet the host's physiological demands.</p></div

Comparisons of the DEGs data and qRT-PCR results.

<p>6.47*: up-regulated at larval stage (P value<0.001);</p><p>−5.39**: down-regulated at adult stage (P value<0.001);</p><p><i>TK</i> (control) ***: non-DEG.</p

RNA extraction strategy.

<p>RNA from each life stages were individually extracted and combined equally prior to cDNA library synthesis.</p

Comparisons of the abundance of gut bacteria from the four samples at phylum level.

<p>Abbreviations: FI, female-intestine; FR, female-ovary; MI, male-intestine; MR, male-testis.</p><p>Abundance with the same letter are not significantly different (P>0.05).</p><p>Comparisons of the abundance of gut bacteria from the four samples at phylum level.</p

Changes in gene expression profile during development.

<p>The number of up-regulated and down-regulated genes between larvae and pupae, between adults and pupae, and between adults and larvae are summarized here.</p

Abundance of the major 10 speices in four samples, expressed as % of total in each sample.

<p>Abbreviations: FI, female-intestine; FR, female-ovary; MI, male-intestine; MR, male-testis.</p><p>Abundance of the major 10 speices in four samples, expressed as % of total in each sample.</p

Summary of the <i>B. dorsalis</i> transcriptome.

<p>Summary of the <i>B. dorsalis</i> transcriptome.</p

Characteristic analysis of the homology search of ESTs against the nr database.

<p>(A) Identity distribution of the top BLAST hits for each sequence. (B) Species distribution is shown as a percentage of the total homologous sequences with an E-value of at least 1.0E⁻⁵. The first hit of each sequence was used for analysis. Homo: <i>Homo sapiens</i>; Rat: <i>Rattus norvegicus</i>.</p

Venn diagram at distance 0.03.

<p>The numbers represent the the number of unique species owned by each sample and common species shared by two or more samples. Abbreviations: FI, female-intestine; FR, female-ovary; MI, male-intestine; MR, male-testis.</p