sj-docx-1-eab-10.1177_00139165221129550 – Supplemental material for Multilevel Evidence for the Parent-Adolescent Dyadic Effect of Familiarity With Climate Change on Pro-Environmental Behaviors in 14 Societies: Moderating Effects of Societal Power Distance and Individualism

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-eab-10.1177_00139165221129550 for Multilevel Evidence for the Parent-Adolescent Dyadic Effect of Familiarity With Climate Change on Pro-Environmental Behaviors in 14 Societies: Moderating Effects of Societal Power Distance and Individualism by Weiwei Xia and Liman Man Wai Li in Environment and Behavior</p

Neurogenic inflammation.

<p>A. SBF changes caused by 10 Hz CES. An increase of SBF occurred 10 min after CES. Thereafter it declined. No difference was found between the two sessions. B. ST changes caused by 10 Hz CES. ST was found to be declined along the observation period when this decline was temporarily stopped 10 min and 20 min into the postconditioning period. No difference was found between sessions.</p

Homotopic effect of 10 Hz CES on pain perception.

<p>A. Pain intensity evoked by SES. No changes were found after 10 Hz CES for the perception intensity of SES. No differences were found between the two sessions. B. HPT assessment. The HPT increased after 10 Hz CES (10 min and 20 min in the post conditioning period) then gradually returned to the baseline. The HPT in session one was higher than in session two.</p

Pain experience induced by CES.

<p>A. Temporal changes during the conditioning process. The highest pain rating in each 10 s was chosen to compare the two sessions. The pain intensities declined in both sessions. B. Depiction of SF-MPQ scores for CES. The SF-MPQ scores and PPI were not found significantly different between the two sessions. PPI: present pain intensity; S: sensory; A: affective; E: evaluative overall intensity of total pain experience.</p

Experimental setup.

<p>(A) 10 Hz conditioning electrical stimulation was applied at the volar forearm 7 cm distal to the cubital fossa via a circular array of pin electrodes in two sessions. The single electrical stimulation was applied at the conditioned site by the same pin electrodes and the light stroking and pinprick stimuli were applied in the surrounding skin area. (B) Test stimulation series including SBF, ST, pain perception rating to pinprick and light-stroking stimuli, HPT and pain perception rating to SES was assessed with 10 min intervals three times before (pre-conditioning period) and six times after the CES (post-conditioning period). SBF: superficial blood flow; ST: skin temperature; HPT: heat pain threshold; SES: single electrical stimulation.</p

Bland-Altman plots for the effects after 10 Hz CES.

<p>Assessments were performed on the SBF, homotopic pain perception to SES, and heterotopic pain perception to light-stroking and pinprick stimulation (294 mN). The dashed line indicates the bias between sessions, whereas the dotted lines indicate the limits of agreement calculated as ±1.96×the standard deviation (SD) of the differences between measurements for the two sessions. Shaded areas indicate the confidence intervals of mean difference and limits of agreement.</p

New Insights into Electrochemical Lithiation/Delithiation Mechanism of α‑MoO₃ Nanobelt by in Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

The α-MoO₃ nanobelt has great potential for application as anode of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high capacity and unique one-dimensional layer structure. However, its fundmental electrochemical failure mechanism during first lithiation/delithiation process is still unclear. Here, we constructed an electrochemical setup within α-MoO₃ nanobelt anode inside a transmission electron microscope to observe in situ the mircostructure evolution during cycles. Upon first lithiation, the α-MoO₃ nanobelt converted into numerous Mo nanograins within the Li₂O matrix, with an obvious size expansion. Interestingly, α-MoO₃ nanobelt was found to undergo a two-stage delithiation process. Mo nanograins were first transformed into crystalline Li_1.66Mo_0.66O₂ along with the disappearance of Li₂O and size shrink, followed by the conversion to amorphous Li₂MoO₃. This irreversible phase conversion should be responsible for the large capacity loss in first cycle. In addition, a fully reversile phase conversion between crystalline Mo and amorphous Li₂MoO₃ was revealed accompanying the formation and disapperance of the Li₂O layer during the subsequent cycles. Our experiments provide direct evidence to deeply understand the distinctive electrochemical lithiation/delithiation behaviors of α-MoO₃ nanobelt, shedding light onto the development of α-MoO₃ anode for LIBs

Visible-Light Self-Powered Photodetector and Recoverable Photocatalyst Fabricated from Vertically Aligned Sn₃O₄ Nanoflakes on Carbon Paper

Self-powered photodetectors (SPPDs) are promising candidates for high-sensitivity and high-speed applications because they do not require batteries as an external power source. It is a challenge to fabricate visible-light photodetectors. Herein, vertically aligned two-dimensional (2D) Sn₃O₄ nanoflakes on carbon fiber paper were prepared by a modified hydrothermal approach and used as a self-powered photoelectrochemical cell-type visible-light detector. The detector exhibits reproducible and flexible properties as well as an enhanced photosensitive performance. The improved photoresponse was attributed to the synergistic effects of the vertically grown Sn₃O₄ nanoflakes and carbon fiber paper substrate; the former provided efficient active sites, as it exposed more catalytic sites to the electrolyte and absorbed more light scattered among the nanoflakes, and the latter benefited charge transport. The photocatalytic activity of the three-dimensional (3D) Sn₃O₄ hierarchal structure on rhodamine B under visible-light irradiation was investigated and shown to have a degradation rate constant of 3.2 × 10^–2 min^–1. The advantage over ordinal materials for use in an SPPD device is that this material is flexible and easily recoverable as a photocatalyst

Nanoplate-Built ZnO Hollow Microspheres Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles and Their Enhanced Photocatalytic and Gas-Sensing Properties

Hierarchical porous ZnO microspheres decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were successfully synthesized by a facile solvothermal route. The hierarchical ZnO superstructure was constructed of interconnected nanoplates with numerous voids. Photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements demonstrated that the main defects were oxygen vacancies (<i>V</i>_O^•) with minor interstitial oxygen (O_i^–) in the hierarchical ZnO hollow microspheres. The as-prepared hierarchical ZnO hollow microspheres and the AuNPs used to decorate them were examined for their photocatalytic degradation ability and as gas sensors. The photodegradation results demonstrated that the degradation rate constant on rhodamine B for undecorated ZnO microspheres was 0.43 min^–1, which increased to 1.76 min^–1 for AuNP-decorated ZnO microspheres. The AuNP-functionalized ZnO microspheres displayed superior sensing properties, with a 3-fold enhancement in their gas response to 1 ppb of dibutyl phthalate

Measurements of spinal-pelvic parameters.

<p>A. Coronal plane of full-length spine X ray. There was no clear scoliosis (Cobb angle<10°). B.C. Sagittal plane of full-length spine X ray. Measurements of sagittal spinal parameters include: sagittal vertical axis (SVA), thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), lumbar lordosis (LL); pelvic parameters include: sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT) and pelvic incidence (PI).</p