ON- AND OFF-FARM DIVERSIFICATION

The present paper brings together two strands of literature by analysing the interrelationship between on-farm and off-farm diversification econometrically. Estimation results from simultaneous bivariate probit models suggest that on-farm and off-farm diversification decisions are closely related. The degree of diversification is significantly lower for farms where the farm operator works off-the farm. On the other hand, the probability of entering into the off-farm labour market declines with the degree of diversification in farm production.Farm Management,

Market Success of Premium Product Innovation: Empirical Evidence from the German Food Sector.

It is well documented that a large share of new products does not survive their first year in the market. Research reported in this paper examined the relationship between product quality and innovation success. In contrast to existing product innovation literature that focused on industrial goods, this study used food product data from a 2002 German food manufacturing firm survey. Results of Sample Selection Model suggest that premium quality increases product?s success rate. Furthermore, firm size has a significant positive impact on success rate. Intensity of competition as well as retailers? market power reduce product?s success rate. --Product success,innovative behaviour,premium product quality,sample selection,German food industry

Puzzling subunits of mitochondrial cytochrome reductase

The ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex, like the other proton-pumping respiratory complexes of mitochondria, is an assembly of many different subunits. However, only a few of these subunits participate directly in the electron transfer and proton translocation. The roles of the other subunits are largely unknown. We discuss here some intriguing features of two of these subunits

Material Issues in Layered Forming

A brief overview of key issues in layered thermal processing is given. Incremental sintering and layered fusion ofpowder and molten droplets are discussed. The criteria for remelting the solid substrate are derivedfrom a one dimensional heat transfer model. Temperature gradients which occur during solidification and subsequent cooling. are responsible for the build up of internal stresses which can be estimated through establishing an elastic beam model. The difficulties as well as opportunities regarding the generation of multi-layer multi-material structures are also described in this article.Mechanical Engineerin

Market Success of Premium Product Innovation: Empirical Evidence from the German Food Sector.

It is well documented that a large share of new products does not survive their first year in the market. Research reported in this paper examined the relationship between product quality and innovation success. In contrast to existing product innovation literature that focused on industrial goods, this study used food product data from a 2002 German food manufacturing firm survey. Results of Sample Selection Model suggest that premium quality increases product's success rate. Furthermore, firm size has a significant positive impact on success rate. Intensity of competition as well as retailers? market power reduce product?s success rate