Roadmap for Sustainable Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conducting Membranes

Mixed ionic‐electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes have gained growing interest recently for various promising environmental and energy applications, such as H₂ and O₂ production, CO₂ reduction, O₂ and H₂ separation, CO₂ separation, membrane reactors for production of chemicals, cathode development for solid oxide fuel cells, solar‐driven evaporation and energy‐saving regeneration as well as electrolyzer cells for power‐to‐X technologies. The purpose of this roadmap, written by international specialists in their fields, is to present a snapshot of the state‐of‐the‐art, and provide opinions on the future challenges and opportunities in this complex multidisciplinary research field. As the fundamentals of using MIEC membranes for various applications become increasingly challenging tasks, particularly in view of the growing interdisciplinary nature of this field, a better understanding of the underlying physical and chemical processes is also crucial to enable the career advancement of the next generation of researchers. As an integrated and combined article, it is hoped that this roadmap, covering all these aspects, will be informative to support further progress in academics as well as in the industry‐oriented research toward commercialization of MIEC membranes for different applications

An Empirical Assessment of Science Teachers’ Intentions Toward Technology Integration

[[abstract]]Building upon three theoretical paradigms (technology acceptance model, social cognitive theory, and task-technology fit), the present study aims to investigate the relationship among intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing science teachers' intentions toward teaching with information technology (IT). A sample of 226 middle school science teachers in Taiwan completed a survey; the resulting data were tested against the research model using a structural equation modeling approach. Results indicated perceived usefulness and computer self-efficacy were critical determinants of science teachers' intentions about technology integration. Computer self-efficacy and perceived fit were important antecedents of both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use; however, perceived ease of use had an adverse effect on perceived usefulness within the science teaching context. This study discusses the implications for teachers' adoption of IT and recommendations for professional development

An Empirical Assessment of Science Teachers’ Intentions Toward Technology Integration

[[abstract]]Building upon three theoretical paradigms (technology acceptance model, social cognitive theory, and task-technology fit), the present study aims to investigate the relationship among intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing science teachers' intentions toward teaching with information technology (IT). A sample of 226 middle school science teachers in Taiwan completed a survey; the resulting data were tested against the research model using a structural equation modeling approach. Results indicated perceived usefulness and computer self-efficacy were critical determinants of science teachers' intentions about technology integration. Computer self-efficacy and perceived fit were important antecedents of both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use; however, perceived ease of use had an adverse effect on perceived usefulness within the science teaching context. This study discusses the implications for teachers' adoption of IT and recommendations for professional development

The Development of an Instrument for a Technology-integrated Science Learning Environment

[[abstract]]This study developed, validated, and utilized the Technology Integrated Classroom Inventory (TICI) to examine technology-integrated science learning environments as perceived by secondary school students and teachers. Using technology-oriented classroom climate instruments and considering the science classroom’s characteristics, TICI was developed. More than 1,100 seventh through ninth grade science students validated the instrument, revealing eight scales: technological enrichment, inquiry learning, equity and friendliness, student cohesiveness, understanding and encouragement, competition and efficacy, audiovisual environment, and order, with alpha reliabilities ranging between 0.69 and 0.91 (0.93 for the entire questionnaire). In measuring actual and preferred learning environments, TICI results indicated that both students and teachers ranked equity and friendliness highest. The largest actual–preferred discrepancy was order (students) and inquiry learning (teachers). TICI offers additional utilities for technologyenriched science leaning environments

The Development of an Instrument for a Technology-integrated Science Learning Environment

[[abstract]]This study developed, validated, and utilized the Technology Integrated Classroom Inventory (TICI) to examine technology-integrated science learning environments as perceived by secondary school students and teachers. Using technology-oriented classroom climate instruments and considering the science classroom’s characteristics, TICI was developed. More than 1,100 seventh through ninth grade science students validated the instrument, revealing eight scales: technological enrichment, inquiry learning, equity and friendliness, student cohesiveness, understanding and encouragement, competition and efficacy, audiovisual environment, and order, with alpha reliabilities ranging between 0.69 and 0.91 (0.93 for the entire questionnaire). In measuring actual and preferred learning environments, TICI results indicated that both students and teachers ranked equity and friendliness highest. The largest actual–preferred discrepancy was order (students) and inquiry learning (teachers). TICI offers additional utilities for technologyenriched science leaning environments

Perovskites decorated with oxygen vacancies and Fe-Ni alloy nanoparticles as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction

Perovskite oxides have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) which limits the efficiencies of rechargeable energy storage technologies and hydrogen production from water splitting. Understanding materials characteristics that affect OER activity is of paramount importance for the optimization of perovskite oxides for the OER. Herein, a series of Sr2Fe1.3Ni0.2Mo0.5O6-delta (SFNMs) decorated with oxygen vacancies and Fe-Ni alloy nanoparticles were designed to increase both the number and the reactivity of active sites in the perovskite catalysts. Theoretical calculations reveal that oxygen vacancies have a beneficial effect on the OER by increasing the adsorption energy of H2O, in line with the experimental results that the SFNM sample enriched with oxygen vacancies possesses a high intrinsic OER activity. SFNM decorated with metallic nanoparticles, which was prepared by reducing SFNM in 5% H-2/Ar, shows a Tafel slope of 59 mV dec(-1) and an OER overpotential of 0.36 V at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2). This performance is superior to that of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) and close to that of commercial IrO2. The outstanding performance is attributed to the fact that the oxygen vacancies together with the exsolved alloy nanoparticles on the perovskite backbone can increase both the number and the reactivity of active sites

Perovskites decorated with oxygen vacancies and Fe-Ni alloy nanoparticles as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction

Perovskite oxides have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) which limits the efficiencies of rechargeable energy storage technologies and hydrogen production from water splitting. Understanding materials characteristics that affect OER activity is of paramount importance for the optimization of perovskite oxides for the OER. Herein, a series of Sr2Fe1.3Ni0.2Mo0.5O6-delta (SFNMs) decorated with oxygen vacancies and Fe-Ni alloy nanoparticles were designed to increase both the number and the reactivity of active sites in the perovskite catalysts. Theoretical calculations reveal that oxygen vacancies have a beneficial effect on the OER by increasing the adsorption energy of H2O, in line with the experimental results that the SFNM sample enriched with oxygen vacancies possesses a high intrinsic OER activity. SFNM decorated with metallic nanoparticles, which was prepared by reducing SFNM in 5% H-2/Ar, shows a Tafel slope of 59 mV dec(-1) and an OER overpotential of 0.36 V at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2). This performance is superior to that of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) and close to that of commercial IrO2. The outstanding performance is attributed to the fact that the oxygen vacancies together with the exsolved alloy nanoparticles on the perovskite backbone can increase both the number and the reactivity of active sites

Applying Augmented Reality to Chinese Radicals Learning: A Remedial Teaching Experiment in an Elementary School

In the regions of Chinese as the first language, children with backward Chinese characters ability are more likely to give up reading the subject content of long texts, which affects their learning in the long term. This study applies augmented reality (AR) to develop a remedial teaching model for Chinese radical recognition and assesses its effectiveness on underachieved students at an elementary school. Based on several Chinese characters that were easy for children to confuse radicals, an AR app for Android was developed and installed in tablet computers. The remedial teaching model involves students to use AR app to scan radical cards and trigger animations introducing the evolution of radicals. Students can practice Chinese character writing on the tablet computer's screen. With the multiple stimulus of AR, the teacher lead students collaboratively complete the worksheets. To assess students' learning outcomes, a quasi-experimental approach was administrated to 8 second grade students who had backward Chinese literacy, in which qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Results showed this remedial teaching model improved the disadvantaged students’ recognition accuracy on Chinese characters and flips their motivation toward Chinese characters learning. During the remedial teaching program, use of AR was effective to get students more attentions and impressions on Chinese radicals. Finally, Implications for Chinese characters teaching practices are discusse

Noble Metallic Pyramidal Substrate for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Plasmid DNA Based on Template Stripping Method

In this paper, a new method for manufacturing flexible and repeatable sensors made of silicon solar cells is reported. The method involves depositing the noble metal film directly onto the Si template and stripping out the substrate with a pyramid morphology by using an adhesive polymer. In order to evaluate the enhancement ability of the substrate, Rhodamine 6G (R6G) were used as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probe molecules, and the results showed a high sensitivity and stability. The limit of detection was down to 10−12 M for R6G. The finite-difference time domain (FDTD) was used to reflect the distribution of the electromagnetic field, and the electric field was greatly enhanced on the surface of the inverted pyramidal substrate, especially in pits. The mechanism of Raman enhancement of two types of pyramidal SERS substrate, before and after stripping of the noble metal film, is discussed. By detecting low concentrations of plasmid DNA, the identification of seven characteristic peaks was successfully realized using a noble metallic pyramidal substrate