11 research outputs found
PET Tracer Conversion among Brain PET via Variable Augmented Invertible Network
Positron emission tomography (PET) serves as an essential tool for diagnosis
of encephalopathy and brain science research. However, it suffers from the
limited choice of tracers. Nowadays, with the wide application of PET imaging
in neuropsychiatric treatment, 6-18F-fluoro-3, 4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
(DOPA) has been found to be more effective than 18F-labeled
fluorine-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) in the field. Nevertheless, due to the complexity
of its preparation and other limitations, DOPA is far less widely used than
FDG. To address this issue, a tracer conversion invertible neural network
(TC-INN) for image projection is developed to map FDG images to DOPA images
through deep learning. More diagnostic information is obtained by generating
PET images from FDG to DOPA. Specifically, the proposed TC-INN consists of two
separate phases, one for training traceable data, the other for rebuilding new
data. The reference DOPA PET image is used as a learning target for the
corresponding network during the training process of tracer conversion.
Meanwhile, the invertible network iteratively estimates the resultant DOPA PET
data and compares it to the reference DOPA PET data. Notably, the reversible
model employs variable enhancement technique to achieve better power
generation. Moreover, image registration needs to be performed before training
due to the angular deviation of the acquired FDG and DOPA data information.
Experimental results exhibited excellent generation capability in mapping
between FDG and DOPA, suggesting that PET tracer conversion has great potential
in the case of limited tracer applications
FederatedScope-LLM: A Comprehensive Package for Fine-tuning Large Language Models in Federated Learning
LLMs have demonstrated great capabilities in various NLP tasks. Different
entities can further improve the performance of those LLMs on their specific
downstream tasks by fine-tuning LLMs. When several entities have similar
interested tasks, but their data cannot be shared because of privacy concerns
regulations, federated learning (FL) is a mainstream solution to leverage the
data of different entities. However, fine-tuning LLMs in federated learning
settings still lacks adequate support from existing FL frameworks because it
has to deal with optimizing the consumption of significant communication and
computational resources, data preparation for different tasks, and distinct
information protection demands. This paper first discusses these challenges of
federated fine-tuning LLMs, and introduces our package FS-LLM as a main
contribution, which consists of the following components: (1) we build an
end-to-end benchmarking pipeline, automizing the processes of dataset
preprocessing, federated fine-tuning execution, and performance evaluation on
federated LLM fine-tuning; (2) we provide comprehensive federated
parameter-efficient fine-tuning algorithm implementations and versatile
programming interfaces for future extension in FL scenarios with low
communication and computation costs, even without accessing the full model; (3)
we adopt several accelerating and resource-efficient operators for fine-tuning
LLMs with limited resources and the flexible pluggable sub-routines for
interdisciplinary study. We conduct extensive experiments to validate the
effectiveness of FS-LLM and benchmark advanced LLMs with state-of-the-art
parameter-efficient fine-tuning algorithms in FL settings, which also yields
valuable insights into federated fine-tuning LLMs for the research community.
To facilitate further research and adoption, we release FS-LLM at
https://github.com/alibaba/FederatedScope/tree/llm.Comment: Source code: https://github.com/alibaba/FederatedScope/tree/ll
Online video object segmentation via LRS representation
Video object segmentation has been extensively investigated in computer vision recently because of its wide range of applications. The key factor of the segmentation is the construction of the spatiotemporal coherence. Inaccurate motion approximation as a measurement of the coherence usually leads to an inaccurate segmentation result. To obtain an accurate segmentation result, a lowârank sparse (LRS)âbased approach is proposed. Regarding each superpixel as an element, this algorithm has a good segmentation accuracy compared with other pixelâlevel algorithms. Each element can be represented by the sparse linear combinations of dictionary templates, and this algorithm capitalises on the inherent lowârank structure of representations that are learnt jointly. The represented coefficients construct an affinity matrix which measures the elementsâ similarity between the current frame and the templates in the dictionary. For video object segmentation, a principled spatiotemporal objective function that uses LRS saliency term to propagate information between frames. Furthermore, an online parameter updating scheme is proposed to enhance the system's robustness. The online model propagates information forward without the need to access future frames. Evaluations on many challenging sequences demonstrate that the authors' approach outperforms the stateâofâtheâart methods in terms of object segmentation accuracy
FederatedScope-GNN: Towards a Unified, Comprehensive and Efficient Package for Federated Graph Learning
The incredible development of federated learning (FL) has benefited various
tasks in the domains of computer vision and natural language processing, and
the existing frameworks such as TFF and FATE has made the deployment easy in
real-world applications. However, federated graph learning (FGL), even though
graph data are prevalent, has not been well supported due to its unique
characteristics and requirements. The lack of FGL-related framework increases
the efforts for accomplishing reproducible research and deploying in real-world
applications. Motivated by such strong demand, in this paper, we first discuss
the challenges in creating an easy-to-use FGL package and accordingly present
our implemented package FederatedScope-GNN (FS-G), which provides (1) a unified
view for modularizing and expressing FGL algorithms; (2) comprehensive DataZoo
and ModelZoo for out-of-the-box FGL capability; (3) an efficient model
auto-tuning component; and (4) off-the-shelf privacy attack and defense
abilities. We validate the effectiveness of FS-G by conducting extensive
experiments, which simultaneously gains many valuable insights about FGL for
the community. Moreover, we employ FS-G to serve the FGL application in
real-world E-commerce scenarios, where the attained improvements indicate great
potential business benefits. We publicly release FS-G, as submodules of
FederatedScope, at https://github.com/alibaba/FederatedScope to promote FGL's
research and enable broad applications that would otherwise be infeasible due
to the lack of a dedicated package.Comment: Accpeted by KDD'2022; We have released FederatedScope for users on
https://github.com/alibaba/FederatedScop
FederatedScope: A Flexible Federated Learning Platform for Heterogeneity
Although remarkable progress has been made by existing federated learning
(FL) platforms to provide infrastructures for development, these platforms may
not well tackle the challenges brought by various types of heterogeneity,
including the heterogeneity in participants' local data, resources, behaviors
and learning goals. To fill this gap, in this paper, we propose a novel FL
platform, named FederatedScope, which employs an event-driven architecture to
provide users with great flexibility to independently describe the behaviors of
different participants. Such a design makes it easy for users to describe
participants with various local training processes, learning goals and
backends, and coordinate them into an FL course with synchronous or
asynchronous training strategies. Towards an easy-to-use and flexible platform,
FederatedScope enables rich types of plug-in operations and components for
efficient further development, and we have implemented several important
components to better help users with privacy protection, attack simulation and
auto-tuning. We have released FederatedScope at
https://github.com/alibaba/FederatedScope to promote academic research and
industrial deployment of federated learning in a wide range of scenarios.Comment: We have released FederatedScope for users on
https://github.com/alibaba/FederatedScop
Translation Repression by Maternal RNA Binding Protein Zar1 is Essential for Early Oogenesis in Zebrafish.rar
<br>Proteomic
analysis with iTRAQ to
compare <i>zar1</i>
homozygous
ovaries
(homo)
with
<i>zar1</i> heterozygous ovaries
(hetero).
10 ovaries for each genotype were isolated
at 33 dpf
and analyzed with iTRAQ.
Two replicates were performed for each genotype.
The UniProt proteome sequences for Danio rerio were used for the database
searching
Systematic genome editing of the genes on zebrafish Chromosome 1 by CRISPR/Cas9
Genome editing by the well-established CRISPR/Cas9 technology has greatly facilitated our understanding of many biological processes. However, a complete whole-genome knockout for any species or model organism has rarely been achieved. Here, we performed a systematic knockout of all the genes (1333) on Chromosome 1 in zebrafish, successfully mutated 1029 genes, and generated 1039 germline-transmissible alleles corresponding to 636 genes. Meanwhile, by high-throughput bioinformatics analysis, we found that sequence features play pivotal roles in effective gRNA targeting at specific genes of interest, while the success rate of gene targeting positively correlates with GC content of the target sites. Moreover, we found that nearly one-fourth of all mutants are related to human diseases, and several representative CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutants are described here. Furthermore, we tried to identify the underlying mechanisms leading to distinct phenotypes between genetic mutants and antisense morpholino-mediated knockdown embryos. Altogether, this work has generated the first chromosome-wide collection of zebrafish genetic mutants by the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which will serve as a valuable resource for the community, and our bioinformatics analysis also provides some useful guidance to design gene-specific gRNAs for successful gene editing