Effects of Emoticons on the Acceptance of Negative Feedback in Computer-Mediated Communication

Delivering negative performance feedback is inevitable in the workplace. However, recipients may feel uncomfortable and behave defensively, and may be unwilling to accept negative feedback mainly because they fear losing face. Such unproductive responses are heightened when negative feedback is delivered through computer-mediated communication (CMC) channels in which many nonverbal cues in face-to-face communication cannot be used to alleviate the concerns of losing face. This study examines the effectiveness of emoticons, which are designed as surrogates for facial expressions in CMC environments, in conveying social and emotional signals of the feedback provider. Specifically, based on the feedback process model and the dissonance reduction theory, this study investigates the differing effects of two types of emoticons (i.e., liking and disliking ones) on the acceptance of negative feedback by considering feedback specificity as a contingent factor. Our results suggest that using liking emoticons increases perceived good intention of the feedback provider and decreases perceived feedback negativity when the feedback is specific; however, it has no significant effect for unspecific feedback. By contrast, our results suggest that using disliking emoticons decreases perceived good intention of the feedback provider and increases perceived feedback negativity when the feedback is unspecific, whereas such effects are not significant for specific feedback. In turn, both perceived good intention of the feedback provider and perceived feedback negativity affect acceptance of the negative feedback

SAMP: A Toolkit for Model Inference with Self-Adaptive Mixed-Precision

The latest industrial inference engines, such as FasterTransformer1 and TurboTransformers, have verified that half-precision floating point (FP16) and 8-bit integer (INT8) quantization can greatly improve model inference speed. However, the existing FP16 or INT8 quantization methods are too complicated, and improper usage will lead to performance damage greatly. In this paper, we develop a toolkit for users to easily quantize their models for inference, in which a Self-Adaptive Mixed-Precision (SAMP) is proposed to automatically control quantization rate by a mixed-precision architecture to balance efficiency and performance. Experimental results show that our SAMP toolkit has a higher speedup than PyTorch and FasterTransformer while ensuring the required performance. In addition, SAMP is based on a modular design, decoupling the tokenizer, embedding, encoder and target layers, which allows users to handle various downstream tasks and can be seamlessly integrated into PyTorch.Comment: 6 page

TencentPretrain: A Scalable and Flexible Toolkit for Pre-training Models of Different Modalities

Recently, the success of pre-training in text domain has been fully extended to vision, audio, and cross-modal scenarios. The proposed pre-training models of different modalities are showing a rising trend of homogeneity in their model structures, which brings the opportunity to implement different pre-training models within a uniform framework. In this paper, we present TencentPretrain, a toolkit supporting pre-training models of different modalities. The core feature of TencentPretrain is the modular design. The toolkit uniformly divides pre-training models into 5 components: embedding, encoder, target embedding, decoder, and target. As almost all of common modules are provided in each component, users can choose the desired modules from different components to build a complete pre-training model. The modular design enables users to efficiently reproduce existing pre-training models or build brand-new one. We test the toolkit on text, vision, and audio benchmarks and show that it can match the performance of the original implementations

论数据保护权作为一项基本权利-: 以《欧盟一般数据保护条例》为分析对象

摘要:数据保护权是欧盟法律保护的一项基本权利。《欧盟一般数据保护条例》第一次系统地将这项抽象的权利具体化,并建立了一套严格的执法机制进行保护。该《条例》设立了宽泛的地域适用范围,把众多在中国境内的数据控制者和处理者也置于其管辖之下。尽管目前我国对承认和执行外国法院判决和行政决定持消极态度,将会导致这部法规在中国的实施存在种种困难,但是我国企业或组织仍应采取相应的合理措施积极应对

Data protection as a fundamental right: The European General Data Protection Regulation and its extraterritorial application in China

The right to data protection is a fundamental right recognized by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (Art. 8) and constitutional law of most Member States, as well as ECJ case law. As a leading legislation, the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) concretizes and materializes the right by means of granting a constellation of specific rights to data subjects, and establishes stringent law compliance mechanisms for their realization. Further, the GDPR claims a wide extraterritorial jurisdiction to protect all data subjects on the EU territory – regardless of their nationalities, when their personal data are transferred to third countries outside the EU. Apparently, many controllers and processors processing their data on Chinese territory will be directly influenced and may encounter law breaches with negative consequences that may lead to conflict of law and jurisdiction. This short article will first discuss data protection as a fundamental right under the EU law and how GDPR can protect that right with different instruments. Then, it will analyze in detail GDPR’s exterritorial application to controllers and processors in China and their related data protection roles and duties under various processing circumstances, as well as the different impacts on their data processing operations for law compliance and the potential incurred costs

Establishment of a Model and System for Secondary Fertilization of Nutrient Solution and Residual Liquid

At present, the nutrient solution of soilless culture is mostly configured by simply using the standard fertilizer formula, lacking the precise matching technology of nutrient solutions based on nutrient elements. It is unable to change the formula configuration according to vegetable types, different growth stages and growth needs, especially in the secondary fertilizer reuse of nutrient solution reflux. In order to make precise secondary fertilization, a model and system for secondary fertilization of nutrient solution residual liquid were established in this paper. It can be used for secondary fertilization based on nutrient ions and reused after the sterilization of the residual liquid. A nutrient solution fertilizer system based on nutrient elements was designed. The nutrient solution fertilizer system based on the online detection of ions was determined with different element compounds as the fertilizer unit. Combined with the existing hydroponic water-soluble inorganic salts, the ion concentration and its proportioning quantitative model of the nutrient solution recovery solution were established. The experimental verification and result analysis of the fertilizer model were carried out to test the accuracy and practicability of the established model. The ion concentration error obtained from the mathematical model was established as 0.0093–0.5294 mg·L−1.The precise proportioning technology of nutrient solution based on nutrient elements can realize the precise and intelligent proportioning of nutrient elements in the nutrient solution of crops and can also make full use of the nutrient solution. It also improves the efficiency of greenhouse cultivation