Stock Versus CAD/CAM Customized Zirconia Implant Abutments - Clinical and Patient-Based Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

BackgroundSingle-tooth replacement often requires a prefabricated dental implant and a customized crown. The benefits of individualization of the abutment remain unclear.PurposeThis randomized controlled clinical trial aims to study potential benefits of individualization of zirconia implant abutments with respect to preservation of marginal bone level and several clinical and patient-based outcome measures.Material and MethodsFifty participants with a missing premolar were included and randomly assigned to standard (ZirDesign, DentsplySirona Implants, Molndal, Sweden) or computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized (Atlantis, DentsplySirona Implants, Molndal, Sweden) zirconia abutment therapy. Peri-implant bone level (primary outcome), Plaque-index, calculus formation, bleeding on probing, gingiva index, probing pocket depth, recession, appearance of soft tissues and patients' contentment were assessed shortly after placement and one year later.ResultsNo implants were lost and no complications related to the abutments were observed. Statistically significant differences between stock and CAD/CAM customized zirconia abutments could not be demonstrated for any of the operationalized variables.ConclusionThe use of a CAD/CAM customized zirconia abutment in single tooth replacement of a premolar is not associated with an improvement in clinical performance or patients' contentment when compared to the use of a stock zirconia abutment.</p

Intracellular Trafficking of Guanylate-Binding Proteins Is Regulated by Heterodimerization in a Hierarchical Manner

Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) belong to the dynamin family of large GTPases and represent the major IFN-γ-induced proteins. Here we systematically investigated the mechanisms regulating the subcellular localization of GBPs. Three GBPs (GBP-1, GBP-2 and GBP-5) carry a C-terminal CaaX-prenylation signal, which is typical for small GTPases of the Ras family, and increases the membrane affinity of proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that GBP-1, GBP-2 and GBP-5 are prenylated in vivo and that prenylation is required for the membrane association of GBP-1, GBP-2 and GBP-5. Using co-immunoprecipitation, yeast-two-hybrid analysis and fluorescence complementation assays, we showed for the first time that GBPs are able to homodimerize in vivo and that the membrane association of GBPs is regulated by dimerization similarly to dynamin. Interestingly, GBPs could also heterodimerize. This resulted in hierarchical positioning effects on the intracellular localization of the proteins. Specifically, GBP-1 recruited GBP-5 and GBP-2 into its own cellular compartment and GBP-5 repositioned GBP-2. In addition, GBP-1, GBP-2 and GBP-5 were able to redirect non-prenylated GBPs to their compartment in a prenylation-dependent manner. Overall, these findings prove in vivo the ability of GBPs to dimerize, indicate that heterodimerization regulates sub-cellular localization of GBPs and underscore putative membrane-associated functions of this family of proteins

5-HT and FMRFamide in the Embryonic Central Nervous System of Biomphalaria glabrata

The process of embryonic neurogenesis in pond snails can be separated in to pre- and post-metamorphic stages based on the morphology, function, and persistence of neural structures. This distinction is most likely a byproduct of the evolution of direct-development, in which larval stages are undergone entirely inside of the egg capsule. Larval neural structures that were present in the free-living larvae of ancestral species have been adapted to meet the needs of extant encapsulated larvae. Remarkably, the resultant vestigial larval nervous system is functional and physically present alongside the embryonic neural elements that go on to form the adult nervous system. This study compares embryonic development of the nervous system in the Planorbid and Lymnaeid families of pond snails by reviewing work done on the Planorbid Helisoma trivolvis and the Lymnaeid Lymnaea stagnalis and providing new information about the Planorbid Biomphalaria glabrata. A description of 5-hydroxytryptamine and FMRFamide patterning during embryonic development is provided by immunofluorescence. Apparent overlap of peptidergic and aminergic neural elements after metamorphosis suggests that gangliogenesis may begin embryonically in B. glabrata. Functional studies complement the localization of 5-HT to reveal an apparent vestigial larval nervous system in B. glabrata. These findings suggest a pattern of divergence in the evolutionary history of pond snails that correlates with observable features in the larval nervous systems of extant species

Differential Rates Of Mental Development In Children.

PhDEducational psychologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/181589/2/0012666.pd