Gabriyel’in günahı

Charles Merouvel'in Tercüman-ı Hakikat'te yayımlanan Gabriyel’in Günahı adlı romanının ilk ve son tefrikalar

High-Throughput Sequencing Identifies MicroRNAs from Posterior Intestine of Loach (<i>Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</i>) and Their Response to Intestinal Air-Breathing Inhibition

<div><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert important roles in animal growth, immunity, and development, and regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Knowledges about the diversities of miRNAs and their roles in accessory air-breathing organs (ABOs) of fish remain unknown. In this work, we used high-throughput sequencing to identify known and novel miRNAs from the posterior intestine, an important ABO, in loach (<i>Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</i>) under normal and intestinal air-breathing inhibited conditions. A total of 204 known and 84 novel miRNAs were identified, while 47 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the two small RNA libraries (i.e. between the normal and intestinal air-breathing inhibited group). Potential miRNA target genes were predicted by combining our transcriptome data of the posterior intestine of the loach under the same conditions, and then annotated using COG, GO, KEGG, Swissprot and Nr databases. The regulatory networks of miRNAs and their target genes were analyzed. The abundances of nine known miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. The relative expression profiles of six known miRNAs and their eight corresponding target genes, and two novel potential miRNAs were also detected. Histological characteristics of the posterior intestines in both normal and air-breathing inhibited group were further analyzed. This study contributes to our understanding on the functions and molecular regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in accessory air-breathing organs of fish.</p></div

Length distributions of small RNAs in posterior intestines from the normal (S01) and inhibited (S02) group.

<p>Length distributions of small RNAs in posterior intestines from the normal (S01) and inhibited (S02) group.</p

ROS mediate adipocyte differentiation of MSCs <i>in vitro</i>.

<p>(A) Fold increase in ROS on Day 2/Day 0 of differentiation. “NAC” and “NAC+diff” groups were treated with 5 mM NAC for 4 h prior to ROS measurement on Day 2. The NAC treatment was administered daily and lasted to Day 14. (B) Fold increase in ROS on Day 7/Day 0 of differentiation. (C) Fold increase in ROS on Day 14/Day 0 of differentiation. (D, E) NAC diminished lipid accumulation. Cells were fixed and stained with oil red O on Day 14. The oil red O was extracted with isopropanol and absorbance was measured at 518 nm. (F) Gene expression of PPARγ and adiponectin was decreased in the presence of NAC at Day 7 and Day 14 of differentiation compared to control. *<i>P</i> < 0.05.</p

Scatter plot map for abundances of miRNAs in the normal (S01) and inhibited (S02) group.

<p>Each plot represented an individual miRNA. TPM: tags per million after mapping to transcriptome. Red dots showed up-regulated and green dots showed down-regulated miRNA in S02 (|Fold-change(log_1.5)|>1, P <0.05).</p

Relative expression profiles of two novel potential miRNAs from the normal (S01) and inhibited (S02) group.

<p>Each bar represented M ± SD. ** indicated highly significant difference between S01 and S02 group.</p

The predicted binding sites of six known miRNAs to their target genes.

<p>The predicted binding sites of six known miRNAs to their target genes.</p

NAC diminishes adipogenesis induced by Ara-C <i>in vivo</i>.

<p>(A) BM section of the tibia from four groups on Day 7. Scale bar = 200 μm. (B) Adipocyte counts per mm² in tibia BM sections. (C) Gene expression of PPARγ and adiponectin in the long bone BM on Day 7. (D) Western blot analysis of PPARγ protein on Day 7 of treatment in the long bone BM. (E) Mean fluorescence intensity of ROS in mouse BM-derived MSCs. ROS was quantified by FACS using the CM-H₂DCFDA probe. *<i>P</i> < 0.05.</p

Relative expression profiles of eight corresponding target genes from the normal (S01) and inhibited (S02) group.

<p>Each bar represented M ± SD (n = 3). ** indicated highly significant difference between S01 and S02 group.</p

The top 20 highly-expressed miRNAs from posterior intestine in <i>M</i>. <i>anguillicaudatus</i>.

<p>S01: the normal group; S02: the inhibited group; TPM: tags per million after mapping to transcriptome.</p