Table3_Seismological reference earth model in South China (SREM-SC): Crust and uppermost mantle.XLSX

The South China Block is located on the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate and the western margin of the Pacific Plate. The South China Block is currently in a tectonically compressed environment, while the Tibetan Plateau is moving eastward and the Philippine Sea Plate is moving westward from geodetic observations. The South China Block is an ideal place to revisit tectonic history from the Archean to Cenozoic, where its information could be well preserved in the crust. In this study, we aim to build the crustal and uppermost mantle component of the Seismological Reference Earth Model in South China (SREM-SC) to provide a background velocity model for geological interpretations and fine-scale velocity inversion. The S-wave velocity model comes from combining models inverted by ambient noise tomography and surface wave tomography. The P-wave velocity model is obtained from converted S-wave velocity and joint inversion tomography. The density model is inferred from an empirical relationship with P-wave velocity. The Moho depth is obtained by a weighted averaging scheme of previously published receiver function results. The P-wave and S-wave velocity models have a grid interval of 0.5° in both latitude and longitude, and with a vertical sampling interval of 5 km down to the 60 km depth. This work provides the 3-D crust and uppermost mantle structures and a representative reference model beneath South China.</p

Table2_Seismological reference earth model in South China (SREM-SC): Crust and uppermost mantle.XLSX

The South China Block is located on the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate and the western margin of the Pacific Plate. The South China Block is currently in a tectonically compressed environment, while the Tibetan Plateau is moving eastward and the Philippine Sea Plate is moving westward from geodetic observations. The South China Block is an ideal place to revisit tectonic history from the Archean to Cenozoic, where its information could be well preserved in the crust. In this study, we aim to build the crustal and uppermost mantle component of the Seismological Reference Earth Model in South China (SREM-SC) to provide a background velocity model for geological interpretations and fine-scale velocity inversion. The S-wave velocity model comes from combining models inverted by ambient noise tomography and surface wave tomography. The P-wave velocity model is obtained from converted S-wave velocity and joint inversion tomography. The density model is inferred from an empirical relationship with P-wave velocity. The Moho depth is obtained by a weighted averaging scheme of previously published receiver function results. The P-wave and S-wave velocity models have a grid interval of 0.5° in both latitude and longitude, and with a vertical sampling interval of 5 km down to the 60 km depth. This work provides the 3-D crust and uppermost mantle structures and a representative reference model beneath South China.</p

Table1_Seismological reference earth model in South China (SREM-SC): Crust and uppermost mantle.XLSX

The South China Block is located on the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate and the western margin of the Pacific Plate. The South China Block is currently in a tectonically compressed environment, while the Tibetan Plateau is moving eastward and the Philippine Sea Plate is moving westward from geodetic observations. The South China Block is an ideal place to revisit tectonic history from the Archean to Cenozoic, where its information could be well preserved in the crust. In this study, we aim to build the crustal and uppermost mantle component of the Seismological Reference Earth Model in South China (SREM-SC) to provide a background velocity model for geological interpretations and fine-scale velocity inversion. The S-wave velocity model comes from combining models inverted by ambient noise tomography and surface wave tomography. The P-wave velocity model is obtained from converted S-wave velocity and joint inversion tomography. The density model is inferred from an empirical relationship with P-wave velocity. The Moho depth is obtained by a weighted averaging scheme of previously published receiver function results. The P-wave and S-wave velocity models have a grid interval of 0.5° in both latitude and longitude, and with a vertical sampling interval of 5 km down to the 60 km depth. This work provides the 3-D crust and uppermost mantle structures and a representative reference model beneath South China.</p

DataSheet1_Seismological reference earth model in South China (SREM-SC): Crust and uppermost mantle.PDF

The South China Block is located on the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate and the western margin of the Pacific Plate. The South China Block is currently in a tectonically compressed environment, while the Tibetan Plateau is moving eastward and the Philippine Sea Plate is moving westward from geodetic observations. The South China Block is an ideal place to revisit tectonic history from the Archean to Cenozoic, where its information could be well preserved in the crust. In this study, we aim to build the crustal and uppermost mantle component of the Seismological Reference Earth Model in South China (SREM-SC) to provide a background velocity model for geological interpretations and fine-scale velocity inversion. The S-wave velocity model comes from combining models inverted by ambient noise tomography and surface wave tomography. The P-wave velocity model is obtained from converted S-wave velocity and joint inversion tomography. The density model is inferred from an empirical relationship with P-wave velocity. The Moho depth is obtained by a weighted averaging scheme of previously published receiver function results. The P-wave and S-wave velocity models have a grid interval of 0.5° in both latitude and longitude, and with a vertical sampling interval of 5 km down to the 60 km depth. This work provides the 3-D crust and uppermost mantle structures and a representative reference model beneath South China.</p

The enhancement of autophagy flux by TGFβ depends on the protein levels of MAP1S.

<p>A,B) Immunoblotting analyses (A) and plots (B) of the impact of TGFβ on autophagy flux marker LC3-II in MEF cells developed from wild-type (MAP1S+/+) or MAP1S knockout mice (MAP1S-/-) in the absence (Ctrl) or presence of Bafilomycin A1 (BAF). C,D) Immunoblotting analyses (C) and plots (D) of the impact of TGFβ on autophagy flux marker LC3-II in MEF cells developed from wild type mice (MAP1S+/+) treated with mixture of random sequence siRNAs (MOCK) or MAP1S-specific siRNA (MAP1S) in the absence or presence of BAF. E,F) Immunoblotting analyses (E) and plots (F) of the impact of TGFβ on autophagy flux marker LC3-II in MEF cells developed from knockout mice (MAP1S-/-) transiently transfected with empty vector (HA) or plasmid carrying HA-MAP1S in the absence or presence of BAF. G,H) Immunoblotting analyses (G) and plots (H) of the impact of TGFβ on autophagy flux marker LC3-II in Capan-2 cells treated with mixture of random sequence siRNAs (MOCK) or MAP1S-specific siRNA (MAP1S) in the absence or presence of BAF. The same amounts of total proteins were loaded and β-Actin served as another control. The relative intensities of LC3-II in untreated wild type cells were set as 1. Data were the means ± S.D. of at least three repeats and the significance of differences was tested by Student’s t test. *, P≤0.05; **, P≤0.01; and unlabeled, not significant. I) A diagram showing the mechanism by which TGFβ suppresses tumorigenesis through MAP1S-mediated autophagy flux.</p

Intensities of MAP1S and autophagy flux are elevated in human pancreatic cancer tissues as detected by immunoblot analyses.

<p>The same pancreatic cancer tissues and their adjacent normal tissues as used in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143150#pone.0143150.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a> were analyzed. The tissue lysates containing the same amount of total proteins were subjected to immunoblotting with antibody against MAP1S or LC3, respectively. β-Actin served as another loading control.</p

Intensities of TGFβ, MAP1S and autophagy are uniformly elevated in human pancreatic cancer tissues as detected by immunostaining analyses.

<p>Pancreatic cancer tissues and their adjacent normal tissues were collected from four patients who enrolled for pancreatic cancer treatment. The tissue sections were subjected to immunostaining with antibody against TGFβ, MAP1S or LC3, respectively.</p

TGFβ enhances levels of MAP1S protein and autophagy flux in different pancreatic cell lines.

<p>A) A real-time RT-PCR analysis of the impact of TGFβ on the expression of <i>MAP1S</i> gene in pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 and Capan-2. The mRNA levels in untreated samples were set as 1. B) An immunoblotting analysis of the protein levels of MAP1S and LC3 in untreated or TGFβ-treated PANC-1 and Capan-2 cells in the absence (Ctrl) or presence of lysosomal inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (BAF). Lysates with the same amount of total proteins were loaded in each lane and β-Actin served as another loading control. C,D) Plots of relative levels of MAP1S (C) or LC3-II (D) as shown as a representative in panel (B). The levels of MAP1S in untreated cells were set as 1. Results are the means ± S.D. of at least three repeats and the differences were compared using Student’s t test. **, P≤0.01; and *, P≤0.05. E) A fluorescent imaging analysis of the impact of TGFβ on PANC-1 cells transiently transfected with a plasmid for 48 hrs to express GFP–LC3 in the absence (Ctrl) or presence of TGFβ and/or BAF for 12 hrs. F) A quantification of GFP–LC3-labelled autophagosomes as shown in panel (E). The data were the average number of GFP-LC3 punctate foci ± S.D. for ten randomly selected images with size of 512 pixels×512 pixels for each that covers about 10 cells on average. The significance of differences was determined by Student’s t test. ***P≤0.001.</p