578 research outputs found
Nonlinearities in modified gravity cosmology. II. Impacts of modified gravity on the halo properties
The statistics of dark matter halos is an essential component of
understanding the nonlinear evolution in modified gravity cosmology. Based on a
series of modified gravity N-body simulations, we investigate the halo mass
function, concentration and bias. We model the impact of modified gravity by a
single parameter \zeta, which determines the enhancement of particle
acceleration with respect to GR, given the identical mass distribution (\zeta=1
in GR). We select snapshot redshifts such that the linear matter power spectra
of different gravity models are identical, in order to isolate the impact of
gravity beyond modifying the linear growth rate. At the baseline redshift
corresponding to z_S=1.2 in the standard \Lambda CDM, for a 10% deviation from
GR(|\zeta-1|=0.1), the measured halo mass function can differ by about 5-10%,
the halo concentration by about 10-20%, while the halo bias differs
significantly less. These results demonstrate that the halo mass function
and/or the halo concentration are sensitive to the nature of gravity and may be
used to make interesting constraints along this line.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
The source-lens clustering effect in the context of lensing tomography and its self-calibration
Cosmic shear can only be measured where there are galaxies. This source-lens
clustering (SLC) effect has two sources, intrinsic source clustering and cosmic
magnification (magnification/size bias). Lensing tomography can suppress the
former. However, this reduction is limited by the existence of photo-z error
and nonzero redshift bin width. Furthermore, SLC induced by cosmic
magnification cannot be reduced by lensing tomography. Through N-body
simulations, we quantify the impact of SLC on the lensing power spectrum in the
context of lensing tomography. We consider both the standard estimator and the
pixel-based estimator. We find that none of them can satisfactorily handle both
sources of SLC. (1) For the standard estimator, SLC induced by both sources can
bias the lensing power spectrum by O(1)-O(10)%. Intrinsic source clustering
also increases statistical uncertainties in the measured lensing power
spectrum. However, the standard estimator suppresses intrinsic source
clustering in the cross-spectrum. (2) In contrast, the pixel-based estimator
suppresses SLC through cosmic magnification. However, it fails to suppress SLC
through intrinsic source clustering and the measured lensing power spectrum can
be biased low by O(1)-O(10)%. In short, for typical photo-z errors
(sigma_z/(1+z)=0.05) and photo-z bin sizes (Delta_z^P=0.2), SLC alters the
lensing E-mode power spectrum by 1-10%, with ell~10^3$ and z_s~1 being of
particular interest to weak lensing cosmology. Therefore the SLC is a severe
systematic for cosmology in Stage-IV lensing surveys. We present useful scaling
relations to self-calibrate the SLC effect.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by AP
The Impact of Baryons on the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
Numerical simulations play an important role in current astronomy researches. Previous dark-matter-only simulations have represented the large-scale structure of the Universe. However, nowadays, hydro-dynamical simulations with baryonic models, which can directly present realistic galaxies, may twist these results from dark-matter-only simulations. In this chapter, we mainly focus on these three statistical methods: power spectrum, two-point correlation function and halo mass function, which are normally used to characterize the large-scale structure of the Universe. We review how these baryon processes influence the cosmology structures from very large scale to quasi-linear and non-linear scales by comparing dark-matter-only simulations with their hydro-dynamical counterparts. At last, we make a brief discussion on the impacts coming from different baryon models and simulation codes
Gaussianizing the non-Gaussian lensing convergence field I: the performance of the Gaussianization
Motivated by recent works of Neyrinck et al. 2009 and Scherrer et al. 2010,
we proposed a Gaussianization transform to Gaussianize the non-Gaussian lensing
convergence field . It performs a local monotonic transformation
pixel by pixel to make the unsmoothed one-point
probability distribution function of the new variable Gaussian. We tested
whether the whole field is Gaussian against N-body simulations. (1) We
found that the proposed Gaussianization suppresses the non-Gaussianity by
orders of magnitude, in measures of the skewness, the kurtosis, the 5th- and
6th-order cumulants of the field smoothed over various angular scales
relative to that of the corresponding smoothed field. The residual
non-Gaussianities are often consistent with zero within the statistical errors.
(2) The Gaussianization significantly suppresses the bispectrum. Furthermore,
the residual scatters around zero, depending on the configuration in the
Fourier space. (3) The Gaussianization works with even better performance for
the 2D fields of the matter density projected over \sim 300 \mpch distance
interval centered at , which can be reconstructed from the weak
lensing tomography. (4) We identified imperfectness and complexities of the
proposed Gaussianization. We noticed weak residual non-Gaussianity in the
field. We verified the widely used logarithmic transformation as a good
approximation to the Gaussianization transformation. However, we also found
noticeable deviations.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figures, accepted by PR
Gaussianizing the non-Gaussian lensing convergence field II: the applicability to noisy data
In paper I (Yu et al. [1]), we show through N-body simulation that a local
monotonic Gaussian transformation can significantly reduce non-Gaussianity in a
noise-free lensing convergence field. This makes the Gaussianization a
promising theoretical tool to understand high-order lensing statistics. Here we
present a study of its applicability in lensing data analysis, in particular
when shape measurement noise is presented in lensing convergence maps. (i) We
find that shape measurement noise significantly degrades the Gaussianization
performance and the degradation increases for shallower surveys. (ii) The
Wiener filter is efficient in reducing the impact of shape measurement noise.
The Gaussianization of the Wiener-filtered lensing maps is able to suppress
skewness, kurtosis, and the 5th- and 6th-order cumulants by a factor of 10 or
more. It also works efficiently to reduce the bispectrum to zero.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures. Match the published version. Accepted by PR
Select and Trade: Towards Unified Pair Trading with Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning
Pair trading is one of the most effective statistical arbitrage strategies
which seeks a neutral profit by hedging a pair of selected assets. Existing
methods generally decompose the task into two separate steps: pair selection
and trading. However, the decoupling of two closely related subtasks can block
information propagation and lead to limited overall performance. For pair
selection, ignoring the trading performance results in the wrong assets being
selected with irrelevant price movements, while the agent trained for trading
can overfit to the selected assets without any historical information of other
assets. To address it, in this paper, we propose a paradigm for automatic pair
trading as a unified task rather than a two-step pipeline. We design a
hierarchical reinforcement learning framework to jointly learn and optimize two
subtasks. A high-level policy would select two assets from all possible
combinations and a low-level policy would then perform a series of trading
actions. Experimental results on real-world stock data demonstrate the
effectiveness of our method on pair trading compared with both existing pair
selection and trading methods.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Tris(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)cadmium(II) bis(perchlorate) hemihydrate
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Cd(C10H8N2)3](ClO4)2·0.5H2O, consists of one complex [Cd(bpy)3]2+ cation (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), two perchlorate anions and one water molecule with half-occupancy. The central cadmium(II) ion is bound to six N atoms from three bpy ligands in a distorted octahedral coordination, with Cd—N bond distances ranging from 2.304 (3) to 2.395 (2) Å
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