741 research outputs found
Reply to "Comment on `Inference with minimal Gibbs free energy in information field theory'" by Iatsenko, Stefanovska and McClintock
We endorse the comment on our recent paper [En{\ss}lin and Weig, Phys. Rev. E
82, 051112 (2010)] by Iatsenko, Stefanovska and McClintock [Phys. Rev. E 85
033101 (2012)] and we try to clarify the origin of the apparent controversy on
two issues. The aim of the minimal Gibbs free energy approach to provide a
signal estimate is not affected by their Comment. However, if one wants to
extend the method to also infer the a posteriori signal uncertainty any
tempering of the posterior has to be undone at the end of the calculations, as
they correctly point out. Furthermore, a distinction is made here between
maximum entropy, the maximum entropy principle, and the so-called maximum
entropy method in imaging, hopefully clarifying further the second issue of
their Comment paper.Comment: 1 page, no figures, Reply to Comment pape
Inference with minimal Gibbs free energy in information field theory
Non-linear and non-Gaussian signal inference problems are difficult to
tackle. Renormalization techniques permit us to construct good estimators for
the posterior signal mean within information field theory (IFT), but the
approximations and assumptions made are not very obvious. Here we introduce the
simple concept of minimal Gibbs free energy to IFT, and show that previous
renormalization results emerge naturally. They can be understood as being the
Gaussian approximation to the full posterior probability, which has maximal
cross information with it. We derive optimized estimators for three
applications, to illustrate the usage of the framework: (i) reconstruction of a
log-normal signal from Poissonian data with background counts and point spread
function, as it is needed for gamma ray astronomy and for cosmography using
photometric galaxy redshifts, (ii) inference of a Gaussian signal with unknown
spectrum and (iii) inference of a Poissonian log-normal signal with unknown
spectrum, the combination of (i) and (ii). Finally we explain how Gaussian
knowledge states constructed by the minimal Gibbs free energy principle at
different temperatures can be combined into a more accurate surrogate of the
non-Gaussian posterior.Comment: 14 page
Damping of metallized bilayer nanomechanical resonators at room temperature
We investigate the influence of gold thin-films subsequently deposited on a
set of initially bare, doubly clamped, high-stress silicon nitride string
resonators at room temperature. Analytical expressions for resonance frequency,
quality factor and damping for both in- and out-of-plane flexural modes of the
bilayer system are derived, which allows for the determination of effective
elastic parameters of the composite structure from our experimental data. We
find the inverse quality factor to scale linearly with the gold film thickness,
indicating that the overall damping is governed by losses in the metal.
Correspondingly, the mechanical linewidth increases by more than one order of
magnitude compared to the bare silicon nitride string resonator. Furthermore,
we extract mechanical quality factors of the gold film for both flexural modes
and show that they can be enhanced by complete deposition of the metal in a
single step, suggesting that surface and interface losses play a vital role in
metal thin-films
Motility and Relational Mobility of the Baka in North-Eastern Gabon
This thesis offers a first scientific portrait of the Baka in North-Eastern Gabon, a group of post-foragers living along the River Ivindo, and the way they practice and conceptualise mobility. The inquiry encompasses the long-term historical and the daily or short-term current mobility of this group, elicited through life histories and participant observation. The central premise of this work is that mobility is relational. Relational refers to interaction of movement and fixity, of position and outcome, and to the understanding of mobility as socially produced. The second concept employed is that of motility, the capacity or potential to be mobile. As motility analyses what comes before observable movement, of potential and actualised outcome as mobility or immobility, it takes up the idea of mobility as relational.
The Baka living on the Ivindo migrated from Cameroon and Congo into Gabon over the last approximately 60 years. In contrast to established approaches to forest forager mobility, which focus mainly on resource mobility during an annual cycle, this study considers the long-term and larger geographical perspective and shows that the quality of personal relations between Baka and their neighbours is decisive in mobility considerations. Previously these relations were characterised as a structural opposition between two ethnic groups. This analysis demonstrates the heterogeneity of people and their interactions, in the past and the present, to argue, firstly, that relations are more appropriately conceptualised as multilateral, and, secondly, that an inquiry remains incomplete without considering affections and emotions.
A principal mobility factor for the Baka is the search for a good life, meaning economic improvement and freedom from violence. This search coincides with a diversification of Baka livelihoods to include subsistence practices as well as working in the gold sites of Gabon. Employing motility shows the aspirations and limitations of Baka personal and group mobility in gold work. Motility is also understood as ‘mobility capital’ and thereby helps document social change, and how gold work is undertaken with reference to Baka egalitarian social organisation to be successful. By including group and individual as well as different temporalities in the analysis, and detailing the impact of social values on mobilities, motility gives depth to the analysis of mobility
Strong 4-mode coupling of nanomechanical string resonators
We investigate mechanical mode coupling between the four fundamental flexural
modes of two doubly-clamped, high-Q silicon-nitride nanomechanical string
resonators. Strong mechanical coupling between the strings is induced by the
strain mediated via a shared clamping point, engineered to increase the
exchange of oscillatory energy. One of the resonators is controlled
dielectrically, which results in strong coupling between its out-of-plane and
in-plane flexural modes. We show both, inter-string out-of-plane-in-plane and
3-mode resonance of the four coupled fundamental vibrational modes of a
resonator pair, giving rise to a simple and a multimode avoided crossing,
respectively.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Finite time St\"uckelberg interferometry with nanomechanical modes
St\"uckelberg interferometry describes the interference of two strongly
coupled modes during a double passage through an avoided energy level crossing.
In this work, we experimentally investigate finite time effects in
St\"uckelberg interference and provide an exact analytical solution of the
St\"uckelberg problem. Approximating this solution in distinct limits reveals
uncharted parameter regimes of St\"uckelberg interferometry. Experimentally, we
study these regimes using a purely classical, strongly coupled nanomechanical
two-mode system of high quality factor. The classical two-mode system consists
of the in-plane and out-of-plane fundamental flexural mode of a high stress
silicon nitride string resonator, coupled via electric gradient fields. The
dielectric control and microwave cavity enhanced universal transduction of the
nanoelectromechanical system allows for the experimental access to all
theoretically predicted St\"uckelberg parameter regimes. We exploit our
experimental and theoretical findings by studying the onset of St\"uckelberg
interference in dependence of the characteristic system control parameters and
obtain characteristic excitation oscillations between the two modes even
without the explicit need of traversing the avoided crossing. The presented
theory is not limited to classical mechanical two-mode systems but can be
applied to every strongly coupled (quantum) two-level system, for example a
spin-1/2 system or superconducting qubit
Exploiting the nonlinear impact dynamics of a single-electron shuttle for highly regular current transport
The nanomechanical single-electron shuttle is a resonant system in which a
suspended metallic island oscillates between and impacts at two electrodes.
This setup holds promise for one-by-one electron transport and the
establishment of an absolute current standard. While the charge transported per
oscillation by the nanoscale island will be quantized in the Coulomb blockade
regime, the frequency of such a shuttle depends sensitively on many parameters,
leading to drift and noise. Instead of considering the nonlinearities
introduced by the impact events as a nuisance, here we propose to exploit the
resulting nonlinear dynamics to realize a highly precise oscillation frequency
via synchronization of the shuttle self-oscillations to an external signal.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Size-independent Young's modulus of inverted conical GaAs nanowire resonators
We explore mechanical properties of top down fabricated, singly clamped
inverted conical GaAs nanowires. Combining nanowire lengths of 2-9 m with
foot diameters of 36-935 nm yields fundamental flexural eigenmodes spanning two
orders of magnitude from 200 kHz to 42 MHz. We extract a size-independent value
of Young's modulus of (453) GPa. With foot diameters down to a few tens of
nanometers, the investigated nanowires are promising candidates for
ultra-flexible and ultra-sensitive nanomechanical devices
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