Images of the four fabricated poly-L-lactide (PLLA) bone screws.

<p>The screws containing 0% (a and c) and 20% (w/w) Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (b and d). Injection molding (a and b) and 3D printing (c and d) methods were used to produce the screws.</p

Histologic examination of bone tissue at the screw/bone interface 2 weeks after implanting the screws.

<p>Neat poly-L-lactide (PLLA) screws were fabricated by injection molding (a) and 3D printing (c) methods. Screws made of PLLA mixed with 20% Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles fabricated by injection molding (b) and 3D printing (d). New bone (black arrows) was visible between more of the threads and occupied a greater area with the 20% nano-Fe₃O₄/PLLA screw compared to the neat PLLA screw. Scale bar, 1.0 mm.</p

Survival rates of the thawed erythrocytes slowly frozen in different magnetic flux densities.

<p>(<b>A</b>) For all the 16 samples, the survival rate (%) increased as the SMF flux density increased. (<b>B</b>) From the normalized data, erythrocytes exposed to 0.4-T and 0.8-T SMFs during the freezing process had significantly increased relative survival ratios by 10% and 20% respectively. (^**<i>p</i><0.001)</p

Micrographs of the thawed erythrocytes slowly frozen in static magnetic fields.

<p>No significant difference are visible for erythrocyte samples thawed after freezing coupled with (<b>A</b>) 0-T SMF, (<b>B</b>) 0.4-T SMF, and (<b>C</b>) 0.8-T SMF. Original magnification ×400, bars represent 10 µm.</p

Micro computed tomographic images of injection molded PLLA screws implanted in rabbit bone.

<p>The boundary and locations of the neat PLLA screws cannot be distinguished from surrounding tissues after 2 (a) and 4 (c) weeks of healing. With the addition of 20% Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles to the PLLA, the screws exhibited a significant improvement in radiopacity for clinical visibility after 2 (b) and 4 (d) weeks of healing.</p

A typical example of the histologic image at the screw/bone interface 4 weeks after implanting the screws.

<p>The leached debris of the nano-Fe₃O₄/poly-L-lactide (PLLA) composite was surrounded by newly formed bone and bone cells (black arrow). BC: bone cell; BV: blood vessel; CT: connective tissue; DB: leached debris; MB: mature bone; NB: new bone. Scale bar, 50 μm.</p

Metabolite concentrations of erythrocytes thawed after slow freezing coupled with various magnetic flux densities.

<p>No significant difference was found among the three static magnetic field groups for (A) ATP and (B) 2,3-DPG.</p

Corpuscular volume analysis of the thawed erythrocyte subjected to SMF-coupled slow freezing.

<p>No significant difference was found among the three groups erythrocytes subjected to the various flux densities of static magnetic fields during freezing. (<b>A</b>) Corpuscular volume distribution. (<b>B</b>) Mean corpuscular volumes (MCV).</p

The micro computed tomographic images of the 3D printed PLLA screws implanted in rabbit bone.

<p>The boundary and locations of the neat PLLA screws cannot be distinguished from surrounding tissues after 2 (a) and 4 (c) weeks of healing. With the addition of 20% Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles to the PLLA, the screws exhibited a significant improvement in radiopacity for clinical visibility after 2 (b) and 4 (d) weeks of healing.</p

Measurements of fluorescence anisotropies (<i>r</i>) of erythrocytes exposed to 0, 0.4, and 0.8-T SMFs.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Erythrocytes exposed to a 0.8-T SMF for 30 min showed significantly increased DPH-fluorescence anisotropy values. (<b>B</b>) A slight increase in TMA-DPH-fluorescence anisotropy was found when erythrocyte samples were exposed to a 0.8-T SMF for 30 min. When the blood cells were removed from the SMF for 15 min, the measured (<b>C</b>) DPH and (<b>D</b>) TMA-DPH fluorescence anisotropy recovered to their basal levels for both SMF-exposed groups. (^*<i>p</i><0.05)</p