Understanding Software-as-a-Service Performance - A Dynamic Capability Perspective

How to increase a client’s capability through outsourcing remains a problem. This papers draws on strategic management literature and the relational view to develop a theoretical model that explains the relationships between collaboration, agility, and outsourcing performance in software-as-a-service (SaaS) context. Collaboration are characterized as knowledge sharing and process alignment between a supplier and its client, agility as a supplier’s sensing agility and responding agility. This study also investigates the moderating effect of environmental turbulence on the relationships between agility and performance. The proposed hypotheses are largely supported by the empirical data from 215 firms. The results show that SaaS performance is affected by both sensing agility and responding ability, which, in turn, are impacted by collaboration between a supplier and its client. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results

Synthesis of New PBP Pincer Iridium and Rhodium Complexes and Application in C–H Activation of Pyridine by Unique Metal–boron Cooperation

Since first pincer ligand synthesized by Shaw, the chemistry of pincer ligands has been vastly expanded and applied in organic transformation and catalysis. Herein, we have developed new PBP-type pincer complexes that containing Lewis acidic boryl to achieve new reactivity. In Chapter II, the facile insertion of Rh and Ir into the B–Ph bond (reversible for Rh) of PB^PhP ligand was achieved, resulting in the formation of diarylboryl PBP pincer complexes. This type of PBP has a low-lying empty orbital at boron with a high degree of Lewis acidity, allowing the central boron to interconvert between boryl, borane, and borate in the reaction with dihydrogen. In Chapter III, a series of PBP Rh complexes with potentially bidentate oxygenous ligands have been synthesized and characterized. These complexes displayed a variety of binding modes including Z-type borane, X-type boryl, η^2-B,C binding, and bridging carboxylate. In Chapter IV, new PBP iridium complexes that can serve as pre-catalysts for alkane transfer dehydrogenation have been reported. The turnover numbers achieved were relatively modest, but the structural and spectroscopic characterization of these PBP complexes enabled analysis of non-classical BH/Ir interactions. In Chapter V, we have developed new PBP pincer Ir complexes that allowed pyridine to bind to the Lewis acidic boron and led to the activation of ortho C–H bond of pyridine selectively. The formation of four-membered products was achieved with several iii pyridine derivatives. This discovery represents the first example of C–H activation directed by a Lewis acidic ligand backbone. In Chapter VI, the synthesis of PCP/PNP-type pincer ligands and nickel complexes was achieved. By utilization of chlorophosphine as a phosphine source and magnesium or nickel powder as a reductant, this synthetic strategy permits one-pot synthesis of PCP/PNP ligands and nickel complexes from inexpensive and non-pyrophoric materials. In Chapter VII, the synthesis of POCS bis-pincer Pd and Ni complexes has been developed. The hydroxo-bridged nickel complex demonstrated catalytic activity for nitrile hydration, but the binuclear cooperation was not verified because the monomeric complex displayed higher activity under the same condition. This result was further optimized by introducing base and up to a TON of 3050 was achieved

Synthesis of New PBP Pincer Iridium and Rhodium Complexes and Application in C–H Activation of Pyridine by Unique Metal–boron Cooperation

Since first pincer ligand synthesized by Shaw, the chemistry of pincer ligands has been vastly expanded and applied in organic transformation and catalysis. Herein, we have developed new PBP-type pincer complexes that containing Lewis acidic boryl to achieve new reactivity. In Chapter II, the facile insertion of Rh and Ir into the B–Ph bond (reversible for Rh) of PB^PhP ligand was achieved, resulting in the formation of diarylboryl PBP pincer complexes. This type of PBP has a low-lying empty orbital at boron with a high degree of Lewis acidity, allowing the central boron to interconvert between boryl, borane, and borate in the reaction with dihydrogen. In Chapter III, a series of PBP Rh complexes with potentially bidentate oxygenous ligands have been synthesized and characterized. These complexes displayed a variety of binding modes including Z-type borane, X-type boryl, η^2-B,C binding, and bridging carboxylate. In Chapter IV, new PBP iridium complexes that can serve as pre-catalysts for alkane transfer dehydrogenation have been reported. The turnover numbers achieved were relatively modest, but the structural and spectroscopic characterization of these PBP complexes enabled analysis of non-classical BH/Ir interactions. In Chapter V, we have developed new PBP pincer Ir complexes that allowed pyridine to bind to the Lewis acidic boron and led to the activation of ortho C–H bond of pyridine selectively. The formation of four-membered products was achieved with several iii pyridine derivatives. This discovery represents the first example of C–H activation directed by a Lewis acidic ligand backbone. In Chapter VI, the synthesis of PCP/PNP-type pincer ligands and nickel complexes was achieved. By utilization of chlorophosphine as a phosphine source and magnesium or nickel powder as a reductant, this synthetic strategy permits one-pot synthesis of PCP/PNP ligands and nickel complexes from inexpensive and non-pyrophoric materials. In Chapter VII, the synthesis of POCS bis-pincer Pd and Ni complexes has been developed. The hydroxo-bridged nickel complex demonstrated catalytic activity for nitrile hydration, but the binuclear cooperation was not verified because the monomeric complex displayed higher activity under the same condition. This result was further optimized by introducing base and up to a TON of 3050 was achieved

Regulation of axon repulsion by MAX-1 SUMOylation and AP-3.

During neural development, growing axons express specific surface receptors in response to various environmental guidance cues. These axon guidance receptors are regulated through intracellular trafficking and degradation to enable navigating axons to reach their targets. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the UNC-5 receptor is necessary for dorsal migration of developing motor axons. We previously found that MAX-1 is required for UNC-5-mediated axon repulsion, but its mechanism of action remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that UNC-5-mediated axon repulsion in C. elegans motor axons requires both max-1 SUMOylation and the AP-3 complex β subunit gene, apb-3 Genetic interaction studies show that max-1 is SUMOylated by gei-17/PIAS1 and acts upstream of apb-3 Biochemical analysis suggests that constitutive interaction of MAX-1 and UNC-5 receptor is weakened by MAX-1 SUMOylation and by the presence of APB-3, a competitive interactor with UNC-5. Overexpression of APB-3 reroutes the trafficking of UNC-5 receptor into the lysosome for protein degradation. In vivo fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments shows that MAX-1 SUMOylation and APB-3 are required for proper trafficking of UNC-5 receptor in the axon. Our results demonstrate that SUMOylation of MAX-1 plays an important role in regulating AP-3-mediated trafficking and degradation of UNC-5 receptors during axon guidance