2′-Fluoro-3′,5′-dimethoxy­acetanilide

Mol­ecules of the title compound, C10H12FNO3, are nearly planar considering all non-H atoms with a mean deviation of 0.0288 Å. Mol­ecules are linked through inter­molecular N—H⋯O and N—H⋯F hydrogen bonds

Visualizing the dynamic behavior of poliovirus plus-strand RNA in living host cells

Dynamic analysis of viral nucleic acids in host cells is important for understanding virus–host interaction. By labeling endogenous RNA with molecular beacon, we have realized the direct visualization of viral nucleic acids in living host cells and have studied the dynamic behavior of poliovirus plus-strand RNA. Poliovirus plus-strand RNA was observed to display different distribution patterns in living Vero cells at different post-infection time points. Real-time imaging suggested that the translocation of poliovirus plus-strand RNA is a characteristic rearrangement process requiring intact microtubule network of host cells. Confocal-FRAP measurements showed that 49.4 ± 3.2% of the poliovirus plus-strand RNA molecules diffused freely (with a D-value of 9.6 ± 1.6 × 10(−10) cm(2)/s) within their distribution region, while the remaining (50.5 ± 2.9%) were almost immobile and moved very slowly only with change of the RNA distribution region. Under the electron microscope, it was found that virus-induced membrane rearrangement is microtubule-associated in poliovirus-infected Vero cells. These results reveal an entrapment and diffusion mechanism for the movement of poliovirus plus-strand RNA in living mammalian cells, and demonstrate that the mechanism is mainly associated with microtubules and virus-induced membrane structures

Field Evaluation of Four Low-cost PM Sensors and Design, Development and Field Evaluation of A Wearable PM Exposure Monitoring System

To mitigate the significant biases/errors in research studying the associations between PM and health, which are introduced by the coarse/inadequate assessments of PM exposure from conventional PM monitoring paradigm, a personalized monitoring system consisting of a low-cost wearable PM device is proposed. However, due to the absence of a unifying evaluation protocol for low-cost PM sensors, the evaluation results/performance specifications from existing studies/datasheets are of limited reference values when attempting to determine the best candidate for the proposed system. In this regard, the authors appeal to the research community to develop a standardized evaluation protocol for low-cost PM sensors/devices, and a unifying attempt is established in this manuscript by adopting the definitive terminology from international documents and the evaluation metrics regarded as best practices. Collocated on the rooftop of the HKUST Supersite, four empirically selected PM sensors were compared against each other and calibrated against two reference monitors. They were then evaluated against the reference following the protocol. The PlanTower PMS-A003 sensor was selected for the wearable device as it outperformed the others in terms of affordability, portability, detection capability, data quality, as well as humidity and condensation insusceptibility. An automated approach was proposed to identify and remove the condensation associated abnormal measurements. The proposed device has better affordability and portability as well as similar usability and data accessibility compared to those existing devices recognized. The first 10 devices were also evaluated and calibrated at the Supersite. Additional 120 units were manufactured and delivered to the subjects to acquire their daily PM2.5 exposures for investigating the association with subclinical atherosclerosis

Revealing of the Activation Pathway and Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Evolution of Li-Rich 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.4O2 Cathode by in Situ Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance.

The first-cycle behavior of layered Li-rich oxides, including Li2MnO3 activation and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation, significantly influences their electrochemical performance. However, the Li2MnO3 activation pathway and the CEI formation process are still controversial. Here, the first-cycle properties of xLi2MnO3·(1- x) LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.4O2 ( x = 0, 0.5, 1) cathode materials were studied with an in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The results demonstrate that a synergistic effect between the layered Li2MnO3 and LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.4O2 structures can significantly affect the activation pathway of Li1.2Ni0.12Co0.12Mn0.56O2, leading to an extra-high capacity. It is demonstrated that Li2MnO3 activation in Li-rich materials is dominated by electrochemical decomposition (oxygen redox), which is different from the activation process of pure Li2MnO3 governed by chemical decomposition (Li2O evolution). CEI evolution is closely related to Li+ extraction/insertion. The valence state variation of the metal ions (Ni, Co, Mn) in Li-rich materials can promote CEI formation. This study is of significance for understanding and designing Li-rich cathode-based batteries

Mechanical performance of 22SiMn2TiB steel welded with low-transformation-temperature filler wire and stainless steel filler wire

TX-80 low-transformation-temperature (LTT) welding wire was used to replace the traditional ER 307Si welding wire to realize the connection of 22SiMn2TiB armor steel in manual overlay welding. The previously existing issues, such as welding cracks, large welding deformation, and severe welding residual stress, were solved to ensure good strength and ductility requirements. In particular, with the same welding conditions, TX-80 LTT wire eliminates welding cracks. It reduces the welding deformation no matter the base pretreatment of pre-setting angle or no pre-setting angle. By comparison, it was found that the microstructure at the TX-80 weld is mainly composed of martensite and a small amount of retained austenite. In contrast, the microstructure of the ER 307Si weld consists of a large amount of austenite and a small amount of skeleton-like ferrite. The variation trend of residual stress and microhardness from the weld to the base were investigated and compared with the mechanical properties of base materials. The TX-80 and the ER 307Si tensile samples elongation is 6.76% and 6.01%, while the ultimate tensile strengths are 877 and 667 MPa, respectively. The average impact toughness at room temperature of the ER 307Si weld is 143.9 J/cm2, much higher than that of the TX-80 weld, which is only 36.7 J/cm2. The relationship between impact and tensile properties with microstructure species and distribution was established. In addition, the fracture surface of the tensile and the impact samples was observed and analyzed. Deeper dimples, fewer pores, larger radiation zone, and shear lips of TX-80 samples indicate better tensile ductility and worse impact toughness than those of ER 307Si weld.</p

New D- A- A- - Configured Small Molecule Donors Employing Conjugation to Red- shift the Absorption for Photovoltaics

Four new donor- acceptor- acceptor- (D- A- A- )- configured donors, CPNT, DCPNT, CPNBT, and DCPNBT equipped with naphtho[1,2- c:5,6- c- ²]bis([1,2,5]- thiadiazole) (NT) or naphtho[2,3- c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (NBT) as the central acceptor (A) unit bridging triarylamine donor (D) and cyano or dicyanovinylene acceptor (A- ), were synthesized and characterized. All molecules exhibit bathochromic absorption shifts as compared to those of the benzothiadiazole (BT)- based analogues owing to improved electron- withdrawing and quinoidal character of NT and NBT cores that lead to stronger intramolecular charge transfer. Favorable energy level alignments with C70, together with the good thermal stability and the antiparallel dimeric packing render CPNT and DCPNT suitable donors for vacuum- processed organic photovoltaics (OPV)s. OPVs based on DCPNT- :- C70 active layers displayed the best power conversion efficiency (PCE)=8.3%, along with an open circuit voltage of 0.92- V, a short circuit current of 14.5- mA- cm- 2 and a fill factor of 62% under 1 sun intensity, simulated AM1.5G illumination. Importantly, continuous light- soaking with AM 1.5G illumination has verified the durability of the devices based on CPNT:C70 and DCPNT- :- C70 as the active blends. The devices were examined for their feasibility of indoor light harvesting under 500 lux illumination by a TLD- 840 fluorescent lamp, giving PCE=12.8% and 12.6%, respectively. These results indicate that the NT- based D- A- A- - type donors CPNT and DCPNT are potential candidates for high- stability vacuum- processed OPVs suitable for indoor energy harvesting.New donor- acceptor- acceptor- (D- A- A- )- configured small molecule donors with extended Ï - conjugation for red- shifting the absorption were characterized. The OPV comprising the donor DCPNT bearing naphtho[1,2- c:5,6- c- ²]bis([1,2,5]- thiadiazole) (NT) as A, cyano as A- , and acceptor C70 displayed the power conversion efficiency of 8.3% under AM 1.5G and 12.8% under 500 lux of TLD- 840 lamp, indicating the potential for indoor photovoltaics application.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156487/3/asia202000635.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156487/2/asia202000635-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156487/1/asia202000635_am.pd

HDAC8 Inhibition Specifically Targets Inv(16) Acute Myeloid Leukemic Stem Cells by Restoring p53 Acetylation

SummaryAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is driven and sustained by leukemia stem cells (LSCs) with unlimited self-renewal capacity and resistance to chemotherapy. Mutation in the TP53 tumor suppressor is relatively rare in de novo AML; however, p53 can be regulated through post-translational mechanisms. Here, we show that p53 activity is inhibited in inv(16)+ AML LSCs via interactions with the CBFβ-SMMHC (CM) fusion protein and histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8). HDAC8 aberrantly deacetylates p53 and promotes LSC transformation and maintenance. HDAC8 deficiency or inhibition using HDAC8-selective inhibitors (HDAC8i) effectively restores p53 acetylation and activity. Importantly, HDAC8 inhibition induces apoptosis in inv(16)+ AML CD34+ cells, while sparing the normal hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, in vivo HDAC8i administration profoundly diminishes AML propagation and abrogates leukemia-initiating capacity of both murine and patient-derived LSCs. This study elucidates an HDAC8-mediated p53-inactivating mechanism promoting LSC activity and highlights HDAC8 inhibition as a promising approach to selectively target inv(16)+ LSCs

Gene Expression Profiling of Biological Pathway Alterations by Radiation Exposure

[[abstract]]Though damage caused by radiation has been the focus of rigorous research, the mechanisms through which radiation exerts harmful effects on cells are complex and not well-understood. In particular, the influence of low dose radiation exposure on the regulation of genes and pathways remains unclear. In an attempt to investigate the molecular alterations induced by varying doses of radiation, a genome-wide expression analysis was conducted. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from five participants and each sample was subjected to 0.5 Gy, 1 Gy, 2.5 Gy, and 5 Gy of cobalt 60 radiation, followed by array-based expression profiling. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the immune system and cancer development pathways appeared to be the major affected targets by radiation exposure. Therefore, 1 Gy radioactive exposure seemed to be a critical threshold dosage. In fact, after 1 Gy radiation exposure, expression levels of several genes including FADD, TNFRSF10B, TNFRSF8, TNFRSF10A, TNFSF10, TNFSF8, CASP1, and CASP4 that are associated with carcinogenesis and metabolic disorders showed significant alterations. Our results suggest that exposure to low-dose radiation may elicit changes in metabolic and immune pathways, potentially increasing the risk of immune dysfunctions and metabolic disorders.[[notice]]補正完畢[[incitationindex]]SCI[[incitationindex]]EI[[booktype]]電子