17 research outputs found
Intertwined charge and pair density orders in a monolayer high-Tc iron-based superconductor
Symmetry-breaking electronic phase in unconventional high-temperature
(high-Tc) superconductors is a fascinating issue in condensed-matter physics,
among which the most attractive phases are charge density wave (CDW) phase with
four unit-cell periodicity in cuprates and nematic phase breaking the C4
rotational symmetry in iron-based superconductors (FeSCs). Recently, pair
density wave (PDW), an exotic superconducting phase with non-zero momentum
Cooper pairs, has been observed in high-Tc cuprates and the monolayer FeSC.
However, the interplay between the CDW, PDW and nematic phase remains to be
explored. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we detected
commensurate CDW and CDW-induced PDW orders with the same period of lambda =
4aFe (aFe is the distance between neighboring Fe atoms) in a monolayer high-Tc
Fe(Te,Se) film grown on SrTiO3(001) substrate. Further analyses demonstrate the
observed CDW is a smectic order, which breaks both translation and C4
rotational symmetry. Moreover, the smecticity of the CDW order is strongest
near the superconducting gap but weakens near defects and in an applied
magnetic field, indicating the interplay between the smectic CDW and PDW
orders. Our works provide a new platform to study the intertwined orders and
their interactions in high-Tc superconductors
Discovery of a pair density wave state in a monolayer high-Tc iron-based superconductor
The pair density wave (PDW) is an extraordinary superconducting state where
Cooper pairs carry nonzero momentum. It can emerge when the full condensation
of zero momentum Cooper pairs is frustrated. Evidence for the existence of
intrinsic PDW order in high-temperature (high-Tc) cuprate superconductors and
kagome superconductors has emerged recently. However, the PDW order in
iron-based high-Tc superconductors has not been observed experimentally. Here,
using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we report the discovery of
the PDW state in monolayer iron-based high-Tc Fe(Te,Se) films grown on
SrTiO3(001) substrates. The PDW state with a period of {\lambda}~3.6a_Fe (a_Fe
is the distance between neighboring Fe atoms) is observed at the domain walls
by the spatial electronic modulations of the local density of states,
superconducting gap, and the {\pi}-phase shift boundaries of the PDW around the
dislocations of the intertwined charge density wave order. The discovery of the
PDW state in the monolayer Fe(Te,Se) film provides a low-dimensional platform
to study the interplay between the correlated electronic states and
unconventional Cooper pairing in high-Tc superconductors
Anisotropic gap structure and sign reversal symmetry in monolayer Fe(Se,Te)
The iron-based superconductors are an ideal platform to reveal the enigma of
the unconventional superconductivity and potential topological
superconductivity. Among them, the monolayer Fe(Se,Te)/SrTiO3(001), which is
proposed to be topological nontrivial, shows interface-enhanced
high-temperature superconductivity in the two dimensional limit. However, the
experimental studies on the superconducting pairing mechanism of monolayer
Fe(Se,Te) films are still limited. Here, by measuring quasiparticle
interference in monolayer Fe(Se,Te)/SrTiO3(001), we report the observation of
the anisotropic structure of the large superconducting gap and the sign change
of the superconducting gap on different electron pockets. The results are well
consistent with the 'bonding-antibonding' s+- wave pairing symmetry driven by
spin fluctuations in conjunction with spin-orbit coupling. Our work is of basic
significance not only for a unified superconducting formalism in the iron-based
superconductors, but also for understanding of topological superconductivity in
high-temperature superconductors
Efficient Multi-scale Network with Learnable Discrete Wavelet Transform for Blind Motion Deblurring
Coarse-to-fine schemes are widely used in traditional single-image motion
deblur; however, in the context of deep learning, existing multi-scale
algorithms not only require the use of complex modules for feature fusion of
low-scale RGB images and deep semantics, but also manually generate
low-resolution pairs of images that do not have sufficient confidence. In this
work, we propose a multi-scale network based on single-input and
multiple-outputs(SIMO) for motion deblurring. This simplifies the complexity of
algorithms based on a coarse-to-fine scheme. To alleviate restoration defects
impacting detail information brought about by using a multi-scale architecture,
we combine the characteristics of real-world blurring trajectories with a
learnable wavelet transform module to focus on the directional continuity and
frequency features of the step-by-step transitions between blurred images to
sharp images. In conclusion, we propose a multi-scale network with a learnable
discrete wavelet transform (MLWNet), which exhibits state-of-the-art
performance on multiple real-world deblurred datasets, in terms of both
subjective and objective quality as well as computational efficiency
VMA: Divide-and-Conquer Vectorized Map Annotation System for Large-Scale Driving Scene
High-definition (HD) map serves as the essential infrastructure of autonomous
driving. In this work, we build up a systematic vectorized map annotation
framework (termed VMA) for efficiently generating HD map of large-scale driving
scene. We design a divide-and-conquer annotation scheme to solve the spatial
extensibility problem of HD map generation, and abstract map elements with a
variety of geometric patterns as unified point sequence representation, which
can be extended to most map elements in the driving scene. VMA is highly
efficient and extensible, requiring negligible human effort, and flexible in
terms of spatial scale and element type. We quantitatively and qualitatively
validate the annotation performance on real-world urban and highway scenes, as
well as NYC Planimetric Database. VMA can significantly improve map generation
efficiency and require little human effort. On average VMA takes 160min for
annotating a scene with a range of hundreds of meters, and reduces 52.3% of the
human cost, showing great application value
Probe substrate and enzyme source-dependent inhibition of UDPglucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A9 by wogonin
Background: Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) inhibition based drug-drug
interaction and herb-drug interaction severely challenge the R&D
process of drugs or herbal ingredients. Objective: To evaluate the
inhibition potential of wogonin (an important flavonoid isolated from
the root of Scutellaria baicalensis ) towards one of the most
important phase II DMEs, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A9.
Methods: Both recombinant UGT1A9-catalyzed 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU)
glucuronidation reaction and human liver microsomes (HLMs)-catalyzed
propofol glucuronidation reaction were used as two different probe
reactions. Results: Wogonin noncompetitively inhibited recombinant
UGT1A9-catalyzed 4-MU glucuronidation, and exerted competitive
inhibition towards HLMs-catalyzed propofol glucuronidation. The
inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) were calculated to be 3.2 μM
and 52.0μM, respectively. Conclusion: Necessary monitoring was
needed when wogonin was co-administered with the clinical drugs mainly
undergoing UGT1A9-mediated glucuronidation elimination. Additionally,
probe reactions-dependent inhibition of wogonin towards the activity of
UGT1A9 should be paid attention when translating these in vitro data
into in vivo situation
An alternative model for evaluating the balance of carrying capacity between functional urban infrastructures
Urban infrastructures commonly include four types of functional infrastructures: traditional infrastructures, greenspace infrastructures, water infrastructures, and connective infrastructures. They work as an integrated system for supporting sustainable urban development. It is therefore important for having a proper method to help understand whether there is a balance between functional urban infrastructures' carrying capacities (FUICC). This paper introduces an alternative model named FUICC Catastrophe Model (FCM) to evaluate the balance of carrying capacity between various urban infrastructures. The development of the model FCM adopts Mean-Variance Analysis (MVA) technique and Catastrophe Progression Method (CPM) collectively. The application of FCM is demonstrated by using the empirical data collected from 35 cities in China. The research findings suggest that: 1) the difference in carrying capacity of each functional infrastructure between the sample cities is significant; 2) the difference in the degree of balance between FUICC is also significant between the sample cities; 3) the sample cities are classified into four categories, namely, acceptably balanced, less balanced, poorly balanced, and unbalanced. 4) the balance performance between FUICC among Chinese cities is characterized with polarization; 5) the balance performance of carrying capacity between functional urban infrastructures is generally poor in China, 40% of the sample cities achieving acceptable performance
Anisotropic Gap Structure and Sign Reversal Symmetry in Monolayer Fe(Se,Te)
The
iron-based superconductors are an ideal platform to reveal
the enigma of the unconventional superconductivity and potential topological
superconductivity. Among them, the monolayer Fe(Se,Te)/SrTiO3(001), which is proposed to be topological nontrivial, shows interface-enhanced
high-temperature superconductivity in the two-dimensional limit. However,
the experimental studies on the superconducting pairing mechanism
of monolayer Fe(Se,Te) films are still limited. Here, by measuring
the quasiparticle interference in monolayer Fe(Se,Te)/SrTiO3(001), we report the observation of the anisotropic structure of
the large superconducting gap and the sign change of the superconducting
gap on different electron pockets. The results are well consistent
with the “bonding-antibonding” s±-wave pairing symmetry driven by spin fluctuations in
conjunction with spin-orbit coupling. Our work is of basic significance
not only for a unified superconducting formalism in the iron-based
superconductors, but also for understanding of topological superconductivity
in high-temperature superconductors
Expression Profiles of Microsatellites in Fruit Tissues of Akebia trifoliata and Development of Efficient EST-SSR Markers
Akebia trifoliata, a member of the family Lardizabalaceae, has high exploitation potential for multiple economic purposes, so genetic improvements to meet requirements for commercial demand are needed. However, this progress is largely impeded by a lack of effective selection markers. In this study, we obtained 271.49 Gb of clean transcriptomic data from 12 samples (three tissues at four developmental stages) of A. trifoliata fruit. We identified 175,604, 194,370, and 207,906 SSRs from the de novo assembled 416,363, 463,756, and 491,680 unigene sequences obtained from the flesh, seed, and rind tissues, respectively. The profile and proportion of SSR motifs expressed in each fruit tissue and developmental stage were remarkably similar, but many trinucleotide repeats had differential expression levels among different tissues or at different developmental stages. In addition, we successfully designed 16,869 functional EST-SSR primers according to the annotated unigenes. Finally, 94 and 72 primer pairs out of 100 randomly selected primer pairs produced clear bands and polymorphic bands, respectively. These results were also used to elucidate the expression profiles of different tissues at various stages. Additionally, we provided a set of effective, polymorphic, and reliable EST-SSR markers sufficient for accelerating the discovery of metabolic and pathway-specific functional genes for genetic improvement and increased commercial productivity
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors in Akebiatrifoliata: A Bioinformatics Study
WRKY transcription factors have been found in most plants and play an important role in regulating organ growth and disease response. Outlining the profile of WRKY genes is a very useful project for studying morphogenesis and resistance formation. In the present study, a total of 63 WRKY genes consisting of 13 class I, 41 class II, and 9 class III genes were identified from the newly published A. trifoliata genome, of which 62 were physically distributed on all 16 chromosomes. Structurally, two AkWRKY genes (AkWRKY6 and AkWRKY52) contained four domains, and AkWRKY17 lacked the typical heptapeptide structure. Evolutionarily, 42, 16, and 5 AkWRKY genes experienced whole genome duplication (WGD) or fragmentation, dispersed duplication, and tandem duplication, respectively; 28 Ka/Ks values of 30 pairs of homologous genes were far lower than 1, while those of orthologous gene pairs between AkWRKY41 and AkWRKY52 reached up to 2.07. Transcriptome analysis showed that many of the genes were generally expressed at a low level in 12 fruit samples consisting of three tissues, including rind, flesh, and seeds, at four developmental stages, and interaction analysis between AkWRKY and AkNBS genes containing W-boxes suggested that AkWRKY24 could play a role in plant disease resistance by positively regulating AkNBS18. In summary, the WRKY gene family of A. trifoliata was systemically characterized for the first time, and the data and information obtained regarding AkWRKY could be very useful in further theoretically elucidating the molecular mechanisms of plant development and response to pathogens and practically improving favorable traits such as disease resistance