การเตรียมไลโปโซมของกรดไมโคฟีนอลิกและการศึกษาการซึมผ่านผิวหนังนอกกาย

Thesis (M.Pharm., Pharmaceutical Sciences)--Prince of Songkla University, 200

Effects of Various Preextraction Treatments of Crinum asiaticum Leaf on Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Chemical Properties

Crinum asiaticum Linn. has been used in Thai traditional medicine to relieve inflammatory symptoms and treat osteoarthritis. There have been reports on its potent anti-inflammatory property but nothing on the effects of different pretreatments on its chemical properties and anti-inflammatory activity. Pretreatment of herbal raw materials is an important step which affects the overall quality of Thai traditional medicine. The objectives of this study were to investigate different treatments of C. asiaticum leaves prior to ethanolic extraction and to compare the extracts for their anti-inflammatory activity and chemical properties. The treatments included hot air drying in an oven, microwave drying, traditional grilling on a charcoal stove before drying in an oven, and temperature shock in hot and cold water before hot air drying. The anti-inflammatory activity and chemical properties of the extracts were analyzed using the established methods. Results showed that 95% ethanolic extract of hot air oven-dried leaves had the highest anti-inflammatory activity and total phenolic and lycorine contents. We recommend hot air drying as a preextraction treatment for C. asiaticum leaves for its simplicity, best retention of the herbal quality, and suitability for scaling up to an industrial process

Potential in vitro anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of ethanolic extract of Baliospermum montanum root, its major components and a validated HPLC method

Abstract Background The root of Baliospermum montanum has been used as an ingredient of traditional Thai medicines for the treatments of several diseases including itching eczema, muscle and joint inflammation, and cancer. Few studies have been done on phytochemical components of this root. In this study, we isolated major compounds of the crude ethanolic extract of B. montanum root and developed and validated a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of its major components. We then investigated anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of the extract. Methods The aims of this study were to investigate in vitro activities including inhibitory effect of β-hexosaminidase released from RBL-2H3 cells, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production from RAW 264.7 cells and cytotoxic activity against cancerous liver cell lines (HepG2 and KKU M156) by using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Isolation of major components was conducted by using column chromatographic method. Isolated major compounds were analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The crude extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity, with IC50 less than 1 μg/mL, while its anti-allergy and anti-inflammation were also potent with IC50 less than 6 μg/mL. Three propiophenones isolated from B. montanum root exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities (IC50 > 20 μg/mL). Two of the propiophenones found were major components that can be detected by HPLC. The developed and validated HPLC method showed good accuracy, precision, and linearity. Conclusion The results of this study suggested that ethanolic extract of of B.montanum root can be a potential source of anti-allergy, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer compounds. The isolated compounds can serve as markers when B. montanum is used in herbal remedies but not as overall responsive markers. The HPLC method developed may be useful for quality control in the production of the extract and for further formulation developments. However, investigation of several associated biological activities is necessary before the development can proceed further. Minor active compounds should be isolated and a more sensitive analytical method should be developed to detail the key responsive components of the ethanolic extract of B. montanum root

In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity against Breast, Cervical, and Ovarian Cancer Cells and Flavonoid Content of Plant Ingredients Used in a Selected Thai Traditional Cancer Remedy: Correlation and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

This study aimed to investigate in vitro cytotoxic activity of selected plant ingredients from a traditional Thai remedy for the treatment of cancer patients against cancer cells occurring in women such as MCF-7 (breast cancer), SKOV3 (ovarian cancer), and HeLa (cervical cancer) cell lines. The plants and the remedy were macerated with 95% ethanol and boiled in water. Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was analyzed by SRB assay. Total flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined and their correlation with cytotoxic activity was evaluated. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to classify the extracts by their cytotoxic characteristics. A total of 66.7% of the plants was active against the tested cancer cell lines. Among the 44 plants in the remedy used for cancer treatment, nine plants that are also used in Thai cuisine exerted significant cytotoxicity against tested cancer cell lines. Eleven plants in the remedy were active against at least one of the tested cancer cell lines. All extracts were grouped into three groups and illustrated as heat map and hierarchical dendrogram. Total flavonoid content showed weak or no correlation with cytotoxic activity. A. dahurica, F. albopurpurea, and T. indica selectively exerted potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 with SI value more than 6. A. galanga, P. amarus, L. striatum, H. indicum, and F. vulgare exerted moderate cytotoxicity to all tested cell with low toxicity to normal cells. The correlation and HCA performed in this study provided an alternative way to investigate biological activities of plant ingredients in polyherbal traditional remedies

Development of an Assessment Tool of Menstrual-Cycle-Related Signs and Symptoms Based on Thai Traditional Medicine Principles for Evaluation of Women’s Health

Background. Utilization of Thai traditional medicine (TTM) was considered in menstrual-cycle-related signs and symptoms (MCSs) to evaluate women’s health. TTM clinicians diagnosed the MCSs by signs, symptoms, and associated factors of patients including a physical examination to find patterns of imbalance elements and the origin of the disorder to optimize treatment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a new assessment tool, the menstrual-cycle-related signs and symptoms questionnaire (MCSQ) based on TTM principles for evaluation of women’s menstrual health. Methods. The items and components of the MCSQ were adjusted by TTM expert consensus using the Delphi technique. The content validity of the MCSQ was quantified by the content validity index (CVI). MCSQ were examined by construct validity and internal consistency reliability using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach’s α coefficient, respectively. Results: All 19 experts (100%) responded to the questionnaires in the three rounds of the Delphi technique. The MCSQ showed high content validity of individual items (I-CVI = 0.83–1.00) and high overall content validity of the questionnaire (S-CVI/AVE = 0.98). Overall, 429 of 432 participants completed the questionnaire (99.31%). After factor analysis, the final MCSQ was divided into two sections, which consisted of 49 items. The first had 23 items focusing on the MCSs. And, the second had 14 items of personal and medical data including 12 items of associated factors. Cronbach’s α coefficient of the final MCSQ was 0.87, and that of each component was between 0.32 and 0.82. Conclusions. This study reports a new MCS questionnaire tool, which was developed from TTM knowledge to evaluate women’s health. This questionnaire showed an acceptable level of validity and reliability. Thus, it is also expected to be useful in clinical practice and ongoing research on evaluation of women’s health