DISCOVERING THE TRUTH OF COVID 19 AND OTHER CONTAGIOUS DISEASES BY APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF CHANGES AND THE THEORY OF YIN YANG

The current pandemic COVID-19 continues to spread rapidly around the world. Many countries are still at the peak of infection. The prolonged lockdown has caused a serious impact on the socio-economy of the whole world. There is a growing concern about the link between animal's based food product with all the contagious diseases as most of the pandemic are initiated from farming animals. The micro study of the virus or bacteria could trace the infectious pathway of the contagious diseases and find substantial problem-solving solutions. Nevertheless, the root cause of the diseases remained unknown.  Because of this, it is essential to evaluate the root cause of the disease in the macro-scope of study. By discovering the designated function of all the microorganisms from the insight perspective of the Theory of Changes and other Taoism theories, we could define the effective problem-solving solution. The result of the finding has discovered that the microorganisms which bring the so called “contagious diseases” are the cure for Mother Nature to resume its equilibrium. They are the agents of decomposition and transformation of Mother Nature. Coronavirus, other viruses, and bacteria are the essential microorganisms being created by nature to decompose the excessive animals’ dead bodies that awash in the environment into smaller particles or subtracts, transforming them into useful nutrients to be absorbed and restored by Mother earth. After identifying the deadly microorganism as the cure for Mother Nature and recognizing the harm that we have done to Mother Nature, we could find out the root cause of the problem and solve the problem fundamentally

FULL EMPLOYMENT WITHOUT INFLATION : CASE OF SINGAPORE

Bachelor'sBACHELOR OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (HONOURS

Performance evaluation of photonic Sigma Delta ADCS

The integration of photonic and electronic components to realize a photonic sigma delta ADC is considered in this thesis. The integration process was broken up into steps. First, the performance of a pair of dual-port Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) modulating a train of narrow high-speed laser pulses from a mode-locked laser was investigated. Various parameters like the half-wave voltage (V) and insertion loss were verified. Next, the ability of the MZIs to modulate the laser pulses, including the subtraction of two RF signals going into the two RF ports, was investigated. After that, the performance of a high-speed comparator circuit was evaluated. The comparator circuit was implemented using high-speed analog components capable of supporting data rates of up to 50 Gbps. The comparator components have to be tested individually and then integrated to ensure that they are able to amplitude analyze the modulated laser pulses using their respective matching threshold values. Lastly, the performance of the ring resonator, which was fabricated by the University of California Santa Barbara, was investigated. The ring resonator functions as an accumulator in the photonic ADC. In addition, a MATLAB simulation designed previously was used to simulate the behavior of the photonic sigma delta ADC. It was modified to speed up the simulation time and incorporate actual hardware parameters, including the time and amplitude jitter of the mode-locked laser. These laser parameters were characterized using a high-speed sampling oscilloscope. Thus, it was possible to predict the performance of the ADC under adverse effects as well as to show how the various electrical and optical signals appear at different parts of the circuit, which greatly adds to the efficiency of the integration process.http://archive.org/details/performanceevalu109454978Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Schemes for lost packets replacement in a packet switching speech network

Over the last couple of years, the Internet has grown tremendously and dramatically in the communication of multi-media information. Internet telephony is a fast growing application which promises great cost savings. However, a packet switched network like the Internet, with its frequent delay and loss of packets during periods of traffic congestion, is not ideally suited for real-time speech. This project looks at the effect of packet loss on packetised speech and also investigates the various methods of reconstructing the lost packets at the receiver.Master of Science (Communications and Computer Networking

The use of the amplification refractory mutation system (arms) in the detection of rare beta-thalassemia mutations in the Malays and Chinese in Malaysia

Molecular characterization and prenatal diagnosis for beta-thalassemia can be carried out using the Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS). The ARMS is a rapid and direct molecular technique in which beta-thalassemia mutations are visualized immediately after DNA amplification by gel electrophoresis. In the University of Malaya Medical Center, molecular characterization and prenatal diagnosis for beta-thalassemia is carried out using ARMS for about 96 of the Chinese and 84.6 of the Malay patients. The remaining 4 and 15.4 of the uncharacterized mutations in the Chinese and Malay patients respectively are detected using DNA sequencing. DNA sequencing is an accurate technique but it is more time-consuming and expensive compared with the ARMS. The ARMS for the rare Chinese beta-mutations at position -29 (A-->G) and the ATG-->AGG base substitution at the initiator codon for translation in the beta-gene was developed. In the Malays, ARMS was optimized for the beta-mutations at codon 8/9 (+G), Cap (+1) (A-->C) and the AATAAA-->AATAGA base substitution in the polyadenylation region of the beta-gene. The ARMS protocols were developed by optimization of the parameters for DNA amplification to ensure sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. ARMS primers (sequences and concentration), magnesium chloride concentration, Taq DNA polymerase and PCR cycling parameters were optimized for the specific amplification of each rare beta-thalassemia mutation. The newly-developed ARMS for the 5 rare beta-thalassemia mutations in the Chinese and Malays in Malaysia will allow for more rapid and cost-effective molecular characterization and prenatal diagnosis for beta-thalassemia in Malaysia

Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism and platelet aggregation in clopidogrel-treated patients among Malaysian multiethnic population

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) *2 (681G>A; rs4244285) and CYP2C19*3 (636G>A; rs4986893) null alleles are responsible for the phenotypes of poor CYP2C19 enzyme function, hence adversely affecting the ability of clopidogrel to inhibit platelet aggregation. In recent years, a novel CYP2C19 gene variant, CYP2C19*17 (-3402C>T; rs11188072), has been identified and is associated with ultrarapid metabolism of CYP2C19 substrate. To date, there is limited data on CYP2C19 prevalence rates in a multiracial Malaysian population with coronary artery disease planned for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and their impact on clopidogrel-mediated platelet aggregation (CPA). Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of CYP2C19 *2, *3 and *17 on CPA in patients planned for PCI. From the 323 consecutive patients planned for PCI, 237 patients≥18 years of age, underwent either aspirin alone or both aspirin and clopidogrel therapy, were recruited from Sarawak General Hospital Heart Centre (Kota Samarahan, Malaysia). Venous blood samples were collected from each participant before their scheduled appointment for PCI. The CYP2C19*2, *3 and *17 were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment linked polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel, as assessed by ADP-induced platelet aggregation, was measured by Multiplate impedance aggregometry. Of the 237 subjects (mean age 57.6±11.1), 77.6% were male and 22.4% were female. Ethnic group distribution was: Chinese 50.6% (n=120), Malay 21.1% (n=50), Iban 19.0% (n=45) and other races 9.3% (n=22) The allelic frequency of the CYP2C19 *1, *2, *3 and *17 were 63.0% (95% CI 62.1% to 59.0%), 29.0% (95% CI 28.7% to 29.3%), 6.0% (95% CI 5.9% to 6.1%) and 2% (95% CI 1.6% to 2.4%), respectively. Genotype determination revealed that 38.8% were extensive metabolisers (EM: *1/*1, *2/*17), 45.1% intermediate metabolisers (IM: *1/*2, *1/*3), 12.7% poor metabolisers (PM: *2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3), 3.0% intermediate ultrarapid metaboliser (IUM: *1/*17) and 0.4% ultrarapid metaboliser (UM: *17/*17). The frequencies of the CYP2C19*2 variant allele and of the homozygous genotype were higher in Chinese descent individuals (35.8%; 12.5%) compared with other ethnic groups (p=0.010; p=0.022, respectively). Meanwhile, a similar proportion of CYP2C19*3 allele was observed in all ethnic groups (p=0.071). Overall, the PM genotypic prevalence rate was 15.0% in Chinese, 10.0% in Malays, 8.9% in Iban and 18.2% in other subjects (p=0.042). One Chinese subject shown to be homozygous *2 and heterozygous *17, hence resulting in a new combination of *2/*17. The predicted metabolic phenotype for this combination is unknown and we assume that the ultrarapid clopidogrel metabolism by *17 allele may be suppressed by loss-of-function *2 alleles, thus resulting in a functional metabolising enzyme phenotype. Hence, we grouped this individual as EM. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the *17 were in different linkage disequilibrium with *2 and *3. Among the 118 subjects who underwent a similar double antiplatelet loading strategy (75mg loading doses of aspirin for at least 2 days+75mg loading doses of clopidogrel for at least 4 days), the prevalence rate of PM remains high within Chinese group (17.5%) compared to other ethnic groups (p=0.036). The CPA was observed to be higher in PM (333.6 aggregation unit x min (AU*min)), followed by IM (319.7 AU*min), EM (278.7 AU*min) and lowest in IUM (264.5 AU*min) (p>0.05). The *2 and *3 carriers also demonstrated higher platelet aggregation (310.6 AU*min) compared to *17 carriers (264.1 AU*min) (p=0.412). The absence of statistically significant differences between the different phenotypic groups could be attributed to the relatively small sample size. Nevertheless, there was a significant influence of CYP2C19 polymorphism on CPA in Chinese subjects only (p=0.032) even after adjustment for various cardiovascular risk factors. The CYP2C19*2 is found at high frequency in Malaysians, especially in Chinese subjects, consistent to that found in other Asian populations of Chinese ethnic origin. Other CYP2C19 polymorphisms, particularly *17 were rare in the Malaysian population. However, carriers of *17 demonstrated better CPA compared to *2 and *3 carriers. Our findings indicate a broad inter-ethnic difference in CYP2C19 allelic frequencies. As both the presence of certain genotypes especially *2, and a lower CPA, have been shown to be associated with higher adverse cardiovascular event rates in patients prescribed clopidogrel, subsequent outcome studies in our multiethnic population are warranted

An integrated command and control architecture concept for unmanned systems in the year 2030

U.S. Forces require an integrated Command and Control Architecture that enables operations of a dynamic mix of manned and unmanned systems. The level of autonomous behavior correlates to: 1) the amount of trust with the reporting vehicles, and 2) the multi-spectral perspective of the observations. The intent to illuminate the architectural issues for force protection in 2030 was based on a multi-phased analytical model of High Value Unit (HVU) defense. The results showed that autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles are required to defeat high-speed incoming missiles. To evaluate the level of autonomous behavior required for an integrated combat architecture, geometric distributions were modeled to determine force positioning, based on a scenario driven Detect-to-Engage timeline. Discrete event simulation was used to schedule operations, and a datalink budget assessment of communications to determine the critical failure paths in the the integrated combat architecture. The command and control principles used in the integrated combat architecture were based on Boyd's OODA (Obseve, Orient, Decide, and Act) Loop. A conservative fleet size estimate, given the uncertainties of the coverage overlap and radar detection range, a fleet size of 35 should be anticipated given an UAV detection range of 20km and radar coverage overlap of 4 seconds.http://archive.org/details/anintegratedcomm109455244US Navy (USN) authorsApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Proceedings of International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022

This conference proceedings contains articles on the various research ideas of the academic & research communities presented at the International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022 (TECH POST 2022) that was held at Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 24-25 September 2022. TECH POST 2022 was organized by the Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya. The theme of the conference is “Embracing Innovative Engineering Technologies Towards a Sustainable Future”.  TECH POST 2022 conference is intended to foster the dissemination of state-of-the-art research from five main disciplines of Engineering: Electrical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Chemical Engineering. The objectives of TECH POST 2022 are to bring together innovative researchers from all engineering disciplines to a common forum, promote R&D activities in Engineering, and promote the dissemination of scientific knowledge and research know-how between researchers, engineers, and students. Conference Title: International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022Conference Acronym: TECH POST 2022Conference Date: 24-25 September 2022Conference Location: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia (Hybrid Mode)Conference Organizers: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia