Estimation of Power Corrections to Hadronic Event Shapes

Power corrections to hadronic event shapes are estimated using a recently suggested relationship between perturbative and non-perturbative effects in QCD. The infrared cutoff dependence of perturbative calculations is related to non-perturbative contributions with the same dependence on the energy scale $Q$. Corrections proportional to $1/Q$ are predicted, in agreement with experiment. An empirical proportionality between the magnitudes of perturbative and non-perturbative coefficients is noted.Comment: 5 pages, LaTeX (no figures

Demographic and Deprivation Ratios: examples of their use in understanding underlying spatial patterns in social phenomena

The intention of this paper is to explore the concept of standardized demographic ordeprivation Ratios ? what they are, why they might be useful, for what statisticaldistributions they can be built, how they can be constructed and which research activitiesand policy areas they might inform.Such Ratios are designed to demonstrate the extent to which the local levels of variousstatistical measures are above or below the level that would be ?expected? on the basis ofthe demographic make up of local areas. They would answer questions such as ?Isunemployment in this town high for a place of this sort??; ?Is the reason for the high levelof vodka consumption in Scotland something to do with local history or local culture orcan it be explained as a consequence of the demographics of the Scottish population?? or?Is the level of burglary in Avon and Somerset above the level that it ought to be, bearingin mind the characteristics of its population??The analysis of standardised Ratios is also relevant to the study of regionalization. Weare used to the administrative regions in terms of which government divide the countryand publish statistics. The mapping of Standardised Ratios shows the extent to whichthese administrative boundaries correspond to the boundaries of ?natural? regions, thesebeing defined as sets of adjacent areas sharing similar values on a broad range ofStandardised Ratios.Relating the actual levels of social statistics to some measure of what might be expectedon the basis of the population is clearly relevant to the evaluation of local performance,whether in the private or the public sector and Ratios of this sort, for example MortalityRatios, have been used for many years by health professional to benchmark local levelsof mortality against the level which might be expected on the basis of the gender and age.However the mapping of the difference between actual and expected rates can oftenthrow interesting light on cultural differences between regions and sub regions of thecountry which persist despite the homogenizing tendency of central government andnational or even multinational retail multiples.The paper illustrates the potential meaning and use of these Ratios by means of a set oftwelve demographic and deprivation Ratios created from the 2001 census in the UK

Doing without representation: coping with Dreyfus

Hubert Dreyfus argues that the traditional and currently dominant conception of an action, as an event initiated or governed by a mental representation of a possible state of affairs that the agent is trying to realise, is inadequate. If Dreyfus is right, then we need a new conception of action. I argue, however, that the considerations that Dreyfus adduces show only that an action need not be initiated or governed by a conceptual representation, but since a representation need not be conceptually structured, do not show that we need a conception of action that does not involve representation

Neighbourhood segregation and social mobility among the descendants of Middlesbrough's 19th century Celtic immigrants

This paper is one of a series of research papers which form part of an ESRC funded research project on?The Quantitative Analysis of Family Names?. The purpose of this project is to assess the contribution thatinformation on the geographic distribution of family names can make to the study of historic migrationpatterns within local areas of Great Britain. The particular focus of this paper is Middlesbrough and EastCleveland, to which economic migrants were drawn in large numbers from Scotland, Ireland and Cornwallas well as from the North East of England during its rapid nineteenth century industrialisation.By examining the geographic distribution of different types of family name in the Middlesbrough area in2003 it is possible to infer that the descendants of Scottish migrants have been more upwardly mobile thandescendants of Irish migrants and that few descendants of Cornish migrants have moved out of the miningvillages in which they originally settled. Among the descendants of Scottish and Irish migrants there isclear evidence of social stratification between the descendants of those who originally migrated directly toMiddlesbrough and those who reached Middlesbrough indirectly and / or only in recent years. Bothcommunities have fared less successfully than those who moved to Middlesbrough from elsewhere in theNorth East of England whilst the most economically successful Middlesbrough residents appear to bedrawn predominantly from people with names traditionally found in regions of the country other than theNorth East

Black holes at accelerators

In theories with large extra dimensions and TeV-scale gravity, black holes are copiously produced in particle collisions at energies well above the Planck scale. I briefly review some recent work on the phenomenology of this process, with emphasis on theoretical uncertainties and possible strategies for measuring the number of extra dimensions

Metaphorizing the Holocaust: The Ethics of Comparison

Metaphorizing the Holocaust: The Ethics of Comparison  This paper focuses on the ethics of metaphor and other forms of comparison that invoke National Socialism and the Holocaust. It seeks to answer the question: Are there criteria on the basis of which we can judge whether metaphors and associated tropes “use” the Holocaust appropriately? In analyzing the thrust and workings of such comparisons, the paper also seeks to identify and clarify the terminology and concepts that allow productive discussion. In line with its conception of metaphor that is also rhetorical praxis, the paper focuses on specific controversies involving the metaphorization of the Holocaust, primarily in Germany and Austria. The paper develops its argument through the following process. First, it examines the rhetorical/political contexts in which claims of the Holocaust’s comparability (or incomparability) have been raised. Second, it presents a review (and view) of the nature of metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche. It applies this framework to (a) comparisons of Saddam Hussein with Hitler in Germany in 1991; (b) the controversies surrounding the 2004 poster exhibition “The Holocaust on Your Plate” in Germany and Austria, with particular emphasis on the arguments and decisions in cases before the courts in those countries; and (c) the invocation of “Auschwitz” as metonym and synecdoche. These examples provide the basis for a discussion of the ethics of comparison. In its third and final section the paper argues that metaphor is by nature duplicitous, but that ethical practice involving Holocaust comparisons is possible if one is self-aware and sensitive to the necessity of seeing the “other” as oneself. The ethical framework proposed by the paper provides the basis for evaluationg the specific cases adduced

Neighbourhood inequalities in the patterns of hospital admissions and their application to the targeting of health promotion campaigns

For many years indicators of deprivation have played a pivotal role in the processwhereby government assesses the relative level of resources require to meet local healthneeds. The formulae that have been developed for this purpose recognise that the locallevel of need for health resources varies among different population groups, such as theelderly or people with young children1. The formulae also recognise the strength of therelationship between health and deprivation. O ver a hundred years ago public healthofficials first recognised differences in the rates of mortality among different occupations.Likewise today?s funding formulae recognise the especial needs of local areas with highproportions of particular ly deprived groups such as overcrowded households, personswithout access to a car or people who are unemployed. As the focus of the health serviceincreasingly extends beyond the treatment of patients to an attempt to improve the healthof local populations through preventative campaigns, the focus of targeting extendslikewise to the identification of neighbourhoods at highest risk of particular diagnoses.To this end the National Health Service has recently commissioned a number of pilotexercises2 to assess the effectiveness of postcode classification systems in the targettingof health promotiona l material. In order to assess which types of neighbourhood are mostsuitable for specific communications programmes, the Hospital Episode Statistics haverecently been coded by Mosaic, the UK?s most widely used postcode classificationsystem. This paper summarises the key differences that have been found to exist betweenthese Mosaic types, both in terms of overall level of admissions and type of diagnosis.The paper also evaluates the extent to which the classification system may be an efficientmethod not just of targeting specific health campaigns but also for assessing levels ofneed by type of service at a highly local level