Neighbourhood segregation and social mobility among the descendants of Middlesbrough's 19th century Celtic immigrants

This paper is one of a series of research papers which form part of an ESRC funded research project on?The Quantitative Analysis of Family Names?. The purpose of this project is to assess the contribution thatinformation on the geographic distribution of family names can make to the study of historic migrationpatterns within local areas of Great Britain. The particular focus of this paper is Middlesbrough and EastCleveland, to which economic migrants were drawn in large numbers from Scotland, Ireland and Cornwallas well as from the North East of England during its rapid nineteenth century industrialisation.By examining the geographic distribution of different types of family name in the Middlesbrough area in2003 it is possible to infer that the descendants of Scottish migrants have been more upwardly mobile thandescendants of Irish migrants and that few descendants of Cornish migrants have moved out of the miningvillages in which they originally settled. Among the descendants of Scottish and Irish migrants there isclear evidence of social stratification between the descendants of those who originally migrated directly toMiddlesbrough and those who reached Middlesbrough indirectly and / or only in recent years. Bothcommunities have fared less successfully than those who moved to Middlesbrough from elsewhere in theNorth East of England whilst the most economically successful Middlesbrough residents appear to bedrawn predominantly from people with names traditionally found in regions of the country other than theNorth East

Demographic and Deprivation Ratios: examples of their use in understanding underlying spatial patterns in social phenomena

The intention of this paper is to explore the concept of standardized demographic ordeprivation Ratios ? what they are, why they might be useful, for what statisticaldistributions they can be built, how they can be constructed and which research activitiesand policy areas they might inform.Such Ratios are designed to demonstrate the extent to which the local levels of variousstatistical measures are above or below the level that would be ?expected? on the basis ofthe demographic make up of local areas. They would answer questions such as ?Isunemployment in this town high for a place of this sort??; ?Is the reason for the high levelof vodka consumption in Scotland something to do with local history or local culture orcan it be explained as a consequence of the demographics of the Scottish population?? or?Is the level of burglary in Avon and Somerset above the level that it ought to be, bearingin mind the characteristics of its population??The analysis of standardised Ratios is also relevant to the study of regionalization. Weare used to the administrative regions in terms of which government divide the countryand publish statistics. The mapping of Standardised Ratios shows the extent to whichthese administrative boundaries correspond to the boundaries of ?natural? regions, thesebeing defined as sets of adjacent areas sharing similar values on a broad range ofStandardised Ratios.Relating the actual levels of social statistics to some measure of what might be expectedon the basis of the population is clearly relevant to the evaluation of local performance,whether in the private or the public sector and Ratios of this sort, for example MortalityRatios, have been used for many years by health professional to benchmark local levelsof mortality against the level which might be expected on the basis of the gender and age.However the mapping of the difference between actual and expected rates can oftenthrow interesting light on cultural differences between regions and sub regions of thecountry which persist despite the homogenizing tendency of central government andnational or even multinational retail multiples.The paper illustrates the potential meaning and use of these Ratios by means of a set oftwelve demographic and deprivation Ratios created from the 2001 census in the UK

Virtue, character and situation

Philosophers have recently argued that traditional discussions of virtue and character presuppose an account of behaviour that experimental psychology has shown to be false. Behaviour does not issue from global traits such as prudence, temperance, courage or fairness, they claim, but from local traits such as sailing-in-rough-weather-with-friends-courage and office-party-temperance. The data employed provides evidence for this view only if we understand it in the light of a behaviourist construal of traits in terms of stimulus and response, rather than in the light of the more traditional construal in terms of inner events such as inclinations. More recent experiments have shown this traditional conception to have greater explanatory and predictive power than its behaviourist rival. So we should retain the traditional conception, and hence reject the proposed alteration to our understanding of behaviour. This discussion has further implications for future philosophical investigations of character and virtue

QCD Jets and Parton Showers

I discuss the calculation of QCD jet rates in e+e- annihilation as a testing ground for parton shower simulations and jet finding algorithms.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, contribution to Proceedings of Gribov-80 Memorial Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamic and Beyond, ICTP, Trieste, Italy, 26-28 May, 201