DEFENDING ALL-MALE EDUCATION: A NEW CULTURAL MOMENT FOR A RENEWED DEBATE

Although all-female schools still prosper and are defended by members of the academic elite, an all-male college has become a near-extinct species. Many people are surprised such a creature still exists. All-male colleges strike many as vestiges of male privilege. They evoke the traditional bastions of power that precluded women from advancing in public life. Single-sex education is not for everyone, but if our educational system is to be truly pluralistic, such an education should be an option. Single-sex education for both genders can be a constructive way to address problems plaguing not only education but the culture as a whole. Educators are now more willing to reevaluate all-male education. While research on single-sex education focuses on women, its conclusions often show significant gains for both genders. Indeed, those who experience an all-male education are usually eager to talk of its empowering effect. In our society, sex is used and exploited as the primary means of self-expression and ultimate fulfillment. It is possible that the single-sex atmosphere might help put such distorted claims into a better perspective. It is time for a new debate about all-male education

Combinatorics of tight geodesics and stable lengths

We give an algorithm to compute the stable lengths of pseudo-Anosovs on the curve graph, answering a question of Bowditch. We also give a procedure to compute all invariant tight geodesic axes of pseudo-Anosovs. Along the way we show that there are constants $1<a_1<a_2$ such that the minimal upper bound on `slices' of tight geodesics is bounded below and above by $a_1^{\xi(S)}$ and $a_2^{\xi(S)}$, where $\xi(S)$ is the complexity of the surface. As a consequence, we give the first computable bounds on the asymptotic dimension of curve graphs and mapping class groups. Our techniques involve a generalization of Masur--Minsky's tight geodesics and a new class of paths on which their tightening procedure works.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figure

The national income and product accounts

Macroeconomics

Personal saving behavior and real economic activity

Consumers ; Saving and investment

The cyclical behavior of prices and employee compensation

Monetary theory ; Prices

How useful are consumer surveys as macroeconomic indicators?

Most economic indicators attempt to summarize what happened at a particular time in the past. Consumer surveys, however, examine attitudes and are thus fundamentally different from other widely reported indicators. Some surveys, such as those that measure inflation expectations, have proven to be useful to economists and policymakers, while the evidence is more mixed for others, such as forecasts of consumer spending.Business cycles ; Economic conditions

Forecasts 1985

An abstract for this article is not availableForecasting