Assessment of Cultural Sensitivity in Dietetics Education

Cultural sensitivity and competency are skills needed for agricultural professionals including nutrition and dietetics practitioners. The objective of the current study was to examine the learning transference of cultural sensitivity topics taught in a cultural foods course into case study assessments of a capstone-level course. This study is a cross-sectional, content analysis of cultural sensitivity assessment rubric (CSAR) scores for two case study assessments. The study was conducted in a landgrant, research-intensive university and 55 students (60%) from a capstone-level dietetics course participated. T-tests were used to compare CSAR scores between students who had completed a cultural foods course and those who had not. Students who completed the cultural foods course, n= 39 (71%), on average scored significantly higher (p\u3c 0.037) on the CSAR, 2.11/10, versus an average score of 1.03/10 among the students who had not completed the course, n=16 (29%). Students who completed the cultural foods course were more likely to apply cultural sensitivity knowledge and awareness without explicit elicitation than those who had not completed the course. Findings reinforce the use of intentional assessments of cultural sensitivity and competency topics and provide support for laying a cultural sensitivity foundation in undergraduate education

Healthy Kids, Healthy Families: A Collaborative Program to Address Childhood Overweight

Healthy Kids, Healthy Families is a program of outreach and research that has been developed to address treatment and prevention of the childhood obesity epidemic through a family-centered, multidisciplinary approach. The American Dietetic Association recommends community-based and environmental interventions as the most feasible methods to support healthful lifestyles for the greatest numbers of children and families (Ritchie, Crawford, Hoelscher, & Sothern, 2006). Healthy Kids, Healthy Families was developed as an innovative, collaborative program to help children and families maintain healthy weight, through impacting the systemic medical and psychosocial aspects of overweight in children. The program involves in-home, family-based intervention followed by multi-family group education and community outreach

Understanding Consumer Preferences for Nutritious Foods: Retailing Strategies in a Food Desert

Demand and access to affordable, nutritious food are major concerns in food deserts. Primary data from Detroit, Michigan was analyzed to understand demand for fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) as a proxy for determining the factors that influence healthy food consumption. Logistic analysis showed that those who could not afford FFV, or share food with others had a lower propensity to consume FFV and that consumers who shop frequently, eat healthy, are food secure, or are able to travel to suburban supermarkets had a higher propensity to consume FFV. Recommendations for policy makers and retailer strategies are detailed

Perceived barriers and facilitators to diet and physical activity among adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in Malawi

Diet and physical activity are crucial to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) self-management. However, socio-environmental, and cultural factors can impede lifestyle behaviours, and hence T2DM management. This study aimed to identify barriers, facilitators and support for diet and physical activity among adults with T2DM in Malawi selected from a larger clinical assessment study, conducted in urban and semi-urban public hospitals. Four focus group discussions were conducted, and audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded, then organised and analysed using thematic analysis. Emergent themes included: family, friends, and health worker ties that facilitated both diet and physical activity as socio-support systems. Diabetes peer groups occurred more often in urban than semi-urban areas. Dietary barriers to self-management of T2DM included: cost and access to food; lack of knowledge on what and how much to eat; challenges of separate preparation and purchase of food; dilemmas of what to eat during functions and travel; and conflicting dietary information from different sources. Comorbidities and fear of public ridicule were key perceived barriers to participants being physically active. Therefore, socio-environmental factors should be considered by nutritionists, dietitians, and health workers when developing and providing nutrition and physical activity education to adults with T2DM in Malawi

Price and Expenditure Elasticities for Vegetables in an Urban Food Desert

Food deserts are associated with lower quality diets and higher obesity rates. Vegetable consumption is key to a healthy diet, reduced obesity and improved health outcomes. Existing research provides little guidance for improving such food environments due to lack of adequate consumption data. This paper addresses this by estimating vegetable demand elasticities for a food-desert community in Detroit, relying on data from a natural experiment. Expenditure played a greater role in determining purchasing behavior than prices. Both elasticities were larger than the national average. Consequently, any policy that increases income or reduces prices could have a significant impact

Reliability of the Block Kid\u27s Food Frequency Questionnaire translated to Arabic and adapted for Kuwaiti children

Objectives Little is known about the nutrient intakes of Kuwaiti children; this is partly due to a lack of culture-specific dietary assessment instruments to estimate the usual food and nutrient intake of Arab children. The aim of this study was to describe the methodology used in translating the 2004 Block Kid\u27s Food Frequency Questionnaire (Block FFQ) to Arabic using adapted food choices commonly consumed by Kuwaiti children, and to evaluate the reliability of the FFQ in a population of fifth-grade Kuwaiti children. Methods The 2004 Block FFQ was translated from English to Arabic, and food options were replaced with culturally appropriate foods. The modified FFQ was administered to 367 male and female Kuwaiti fifth graders (10.4 ± 0.4 y of age; 53% girls). The FFQ was retested 1 wk later in 26 male students, and 4 wk later in 32 female students. Intraclass correlations (ICC) assessed the reliability between the participants’ first and second FFQs for food groups, macronutrients, and five key micronutrients. Results The combined analysis of boys and girls indicated a moderate reliability for food groups (ICC, 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.52–0.80) and micronutrients (ICC, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29–0.72), but was poor for macronutrients (ICC, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21–0.62). Conclusions The modified FFQ is a modestly reliable instrument for measuring usual dietary intake in Kuwaiti children. The ICC was higher in boys than in girls, probably due to the disparity in the FFQ retest time

Understanding Factors Influencing Breastfeeding Outcomes in a Sample of African American Women

OBJECTIVES: Persistent disparities in breastfeeding rates among African American (AA) women compared to other population groups have motivated researchers to understand factors influencing breastfeeding choices using a variety of methods. Quantitative surveys are more commonly reported, however, qualitative work that amplifies voices of AA women is limited. METHODS: Participants were recruited from a randomized controlled feasibility trial focused on breastfeeding support for AA women in Detroit, MI. Thirteen women were enrolled in the qualitative portion of the study described here. Using the Socioecological model (SEM) as the theoretical foundation, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted to explore perceived facilitators and barriers to breastfeeding. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Theoretical thematic analysis. RESULTS: Women reported factors ranging from micro to macro SEM levels that discouraged or reinforced breastfeeding. Key challenges included breastfeeding-related discouragement issues, including factors that decreased confidence and led women to terminate breastfeeding (e.g., problems with latching, pumping, lack of comfort with breastfeeding in public, and work constraints). Facilitators included perceived mother and infant benefits, perseverance/commitment/self-motivation, pumping ability, and social support. Participant suggestions for expanding breastfeeding promotion and support included: (1) tangible, immediate, and proactive support; (2) positive non-judgmental support; (3) milk supply and use of pump education; and (4) self-motivation/willpower/perseverance. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: Despite the identification of common facilitators, findings reveal AA women face many obstacles to meeting breastfeeding recommendations. Collaborative discussions between women and healthcare providers focused on suggestions provided by AA women should be encouraged