Clinical Supervision in Singapore: Allied Health Professional Perspectives from a two-round Delphi Study

Purpose: This study investigated Allied Health Practitioners’ (AHPs) perspectives on and consensus of clinical supervision in an acute tertiary hospital in Singapore. Specifically, AHPs’ views on the benefits of and barriers surrounding engaging in clinical supervision, as well as strategies for enhancing clinical supervision experience. Method: A Delphi approach utilizing a two-round process via online questionnaires was employed. A total of 77 AHPs responded to the first round of the Delphi questionnaire and 55 AHPs completed the second round (71% retention rate). Open-ended responses from the first round underwent thematic analysis and resulted in sixty statements (five themes) describing engagement in clinical supervision. In the second round, AHPs were asked to rate each characteristic of clinical supervision on a 5 point Likert Scale. Results: Consensus was reached on 52 statements using a cut off of greater than 68% positive respondents and an interquartile deviation (IQD) ≤1. The study identified 52 statements considered important for successful clinical supervision for AHP in an acute tertiary hospital in Singapore. Conclusions: The themes and underpinning statements provide insights about clinical supervision in the Singapore hospital setting

In vitro phosphorylation as tool for modification of silk and keratin fibrous materials

An overview is given of the recent work on in vitro enzymatic phosphorylation of silk fibroin and human hair keratin. Opposing to many chemical "conventional" approaches, enzymatic phosphorylation is in fact a mild reaction and the treatment falls within "green chemistry" approach. Silk and keratin are not phosphorylated in vivo, but in vitro. This enzyme-driven modification is a major technological breakthrough. Harsh chemical chemicals are avoided, and mild conditions make enzymatic phosphorylation a real "green chemistry" approach. The current communication presents a novel approach stating that enzyme phosphorylation may be used as a tool to modify the surface charge of biocompatible materials such as keratin and silk

High gradient experiments with X-band cryogenic copper accelerating cavities

Vacuum radio-frequency (rf) breakdown is one of the major factors that limit operating accelerating gradients in rf particle accelerators. The occurrence of rf breakdowns was shown to be probabilistic, and can be characterized by a breakdown rate. Experiments with hard copper cavities showed that harder materials can reach larger accelerating gradients for the same breakdown rate. We study the effect of cavity material on rf breakdowns with short X-band standing wave accelerating structures. Here we report results from tests of a structure at cryogenic temperatures. At gradients greater than 150  MV/m we observed a degradation in the intrinsic cavity quality factor, Q_{0}. This decrease in Q_{0} is consistent with rf power being absorbed by field emission currents, and is accounted for in the determination of accelerating gradients. The structure was conditioned up to an accelerating gradient of 250  MV/m at 45 K with 10^{8} rf pulses and a breakdown rate of 2×10^{-4}/pulse/m. For this breakdown rate, the cryogenic structure has the largest reported accelerating gradient. This improved performance over room temperatures structures supports the hypothesis that breakdown rate can be reduced by immobilizing crystal defects and decreasing thermally induced stresses

rf losses in a high gradient cryogenic copper cavity

The development of high brightness electron sources can enable an increase in performance and reduction in size of extreme X-ray sources such as free electron lasers (FELs). A promising path to high brightness is through larger electric fields in radio-frequency (rf) photoinjectors. Recent experiments with 11.4 GHz copper accelerating cavities at cryogenic temperatures have demonstrated 500  MV/m surface electric fields with low rf breakdown rates. However, when the surface electric fields are larger than 300  MV/m, the measured cavity quality factor, Q_{0}, decreases during the input rf pulse by up to 30%, recovering before the next rf pulse. In this paper, we present an experimental study of the rf losses, manifested as degradation of Q_{0}, in a copper cavity operated at cryogenic temperatures and high gradients. The experimental conditions range from temperatures of 10–77 K and rf pulse lengths of 100–800 ns, using surface electric fields up to 400  MV/m. We developed a model for the change in Q_{0} using measured field emission currents and rf signals. We find that the Q_{0} degradation is consistent with the rf power being absorbed by strong field emission currents accelerated inside the cavity

An Inductive Sensing System to Measure In-Socket Residual Limb Displacements for People Using Lower-Limb Prostheses

The objective of this research was to assess the performance of an embedded sensing system designed to measure the distance between a prosthetic socket wall and residual limb. Low-profile inductive sensors were laminated into prosthetic sockets and flexible ferromagnetic targets were created from elastomeric liners with embedded iron particles for four participants with transtibial amputation. Using insights from sensor performance testing, a novel calibration procedure was developed to quickly and accurately calibrate the multiple embedded sensors. The sensing system was evaluated through laboratory tests in which participants wore sock combinations with three distinct thicknesses and conducted a series of activities including standing, walking, and sitting. When a thicker sock was worn, the limb typically moved further away from the socket and peak-to-peak displacements decreased. However, sensors did not measure equivalent distances or displacements for a given sock combination, which provided information regarding the fit of the socket and how a sock change intervention influenced socket fit. Monitoring of limb⁻socket displacements may serve as a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians to quantitatively assess socket fit