Phenolic constituents from <i>Wissadula periplocifolia</i> (L.) C. Presl. and anti-inflammatory activity of 7,4′-di-<i>O</i>-methylisoscutellarein

<p>This study reports the first phenolics from <i>Wissadula</i> genus (Malvaceae) and the anti-inflammatory activity of 7,4′-di-<i>O</i>-methylisoscutellarein. Using chromatographic methods, five phenolic compounds were isolated from aerial parts of <i>Wissadula periplocifolia</i> (L.) C. Presl. The compounds were identified as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid, tamgermanetin and 7,4′-di-<i>O</i>-methylisoscutellarein using spectroscopic methods. The flavone 7,4′-di-<i>O</i>-methylisoscutellarein showed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting neutrophils recruitment in a mice model of pleurisy and by decreasing significantly the production of cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α.</p

Libyan map showing the collection points Libyan Propolis samples P1 (Alagoria), P2 (Gaminis), P3 (Byda), P4 (Quba), P5,P6, P7 (Kufra), P8(Ghadames), P9 (Tripoli), P10 (Khasr Khiar), P11, P12 (Khumas).

<p>Libyan map showing the collection points Libyan Propolis samples P1 (Alagoria), P2 (Gaminis), P3 (Byda), P4 (Quba), P5,P6, P7 (Kufra), P8(Ghadames), P9 (Tripoli), P10 (Khasr Khiar), P11, P12 (Khumas).</p

PCA with HCA based on the 300 most intense features obtained in negative ion mode for the 12 propolis samples R²X 0.689, Q² 0.48.

<p>PCA with HCA based on the 300 most intense features obtained in negative ion mode for the 12 propolis samples R²X 0.689, Q² 0.48.</p

Activity of samples P1-P12 against <i>P</i>.<i>falciparum</i> (n = 3).

<p>Activity of samples P1-P12 against <i>P</i>.<i>falciparum</i> (n = 3).</p

OPLS plot of observed against predicted activity against <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i> based on five compounds (A-E).

<p>OPLS plot of observed against predicted activity against <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i> based on five compounds (A-E).</p

Most important variables determining the activity of P2 in anti-protozoal and anti-microbial tests and important variables determining cellular toxicity based on sample P8 which was the most cytotoxic sample.

<p>Most important variables determining the activity of P2 in anti-protozoal and anti-microbial tests and important variables determining cellular toxicity based on sample P8 which was the most cytotoxic sample.</p