Papilledema secondary to parietal dermoid - epidermoid cyst with superior sagittal sinus compression

Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are benign slow growing tumors that arise from ectodermal tissue.  In this case report, a 32-year-old gentleman presented with a right posterior parietal dermoid - epidermoid cysts resulting in superior sagittal sinus compression.  Clinical examination disclosed enlarged blindspot formation in both eyes and bilateral papilledema.  He was treated with a low-pressure shunt, resulting in resolution of the papilledema and his symptoms.  In a search of the peer-reviewed medical literature (using MEDLINE and cross-referenced literature), this report may be the second to report papilledema secondary to an intracranial dermoid or epidermoid cyst with superior sagittal sinus compression

Macular Pigment is Associated with Glare-Affected Visual Function and Central Visual Field Loss in Glaucoma

Aim To evaluate the relationship between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and glare disability in open-angle glaucoma. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data (88 subjects; median age, 67 (range 36–84) years) collected during the Macular Pigment and Glaucoma Trial (ISRCTN registry number: 56985060). MPOD at 0.25°, 0.5° and 1° of retinal eccentricity was measured using customised heterochromatic flicker photometry. Mesopic contrast sensitivity with glare (mCSg), photostress recovery time (PRT) and self-reported glare symptoms were evaluated. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography was used to analyse ganglion cell complex (GCC) and identify foveal involvement. Results Low spatial frequency (f) mCSg was significantly correlated with MPOD at 0.25° (three cycles per degree (cpd): r=0.25, p=0.04) and 0.5° (three cpd: r=0.23, p=0.04) of retinal eccentricity. Those with foveal GCC loss exhibited lower MPOD, had worse low spatial fmCSg (1.5 cpd and 3 cpd, p=0.02 each) and prolonged PRT (p=0.02) in comparison with those without foveal involvement. The depth of central 10° field loss was related to MPOD at all eccentricities (p Conclusions Macular pigment level may be an important consideration among those experiencing disability glare in glaucoma, including those with foveal involvement

Frontotemporal Pathology in Motor Neuron Disease Phenotypes: Insights From Neuroimaging

International audienceFrontotemporal involvement has been extensively investigated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but remains relatively poorly characterized in other motor neuron disease (MND) phenotypes such as primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), post poliomyelitis syndrome (PPS), and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). This review focuses on insights from structural, metabolic, and functional neuroimaging studies that have advanced our understanding of extra-motor disease burden in these phenotypes. The imaging literature is limited in the majority of these conditions and frontotemporal involvement has been primarily evaluated by neuropsychology and post mortem studies. Existing imaging studies reveal that frontotemporal degeneration can be readily detected in ALS and PLS, varying degree of frontotemporal pathology may be captured in PMA, SBMA, and HSP, SMA exhibits cerebral involvement without regional predilection, and there is limited evidence for cerebral changes in PPS. Our review confirms the heterogeneity extra-motor pathology across the spectrum of MNDs and highlights the role of neuroimaging in characterizing anatomical patterns of disease burden in vivo . Despite the contribution of neuroimaging to MND research, sample size limitations, inclusion bias, attrition rates in longitudinal studies, and methodological constraints need to be carefully considered. Frontotemporal involvement is a quintessential clinical facet of MND which has important implications for screening practices, individualized management strategies, participation in clinical trials, caregiver burden, and resource allocation. The academic relevance of imaging frontotemporal pathology in MND spans from the identification of genetic variants, through the ascertainment of presymptomatic changes to the design of future epidemiology studies