6,025 research outputs found
Towards Efficient and Comprehensive Urban Spatial-Temporal Prediction: A Unified Library and Performance Benchmark
As deep learning technology advances and more urban spatial-temporal data
accumulates, an increasing number of deep learning models are being proposed to
solve urban spatial-temporal prediction problems. However, there are
limitations in the existing field, including open-source data being in various
formats and difficult to use, few papers making their code and data openly
available, and open-source models often using different frameworks and
platforms, making comparisons challenging. A standardized framework is urgently
needed to implement and evaluate these methods. To address these issues, we
provide a comprehensive review of urban spatial-temporal prediction and propose
a unified storage format for spatial-temporal data called atomic files. We also
propose LibCity, an open-source library that offers researchers a credible
experimental tool and a convenient development framework. In this library, we
have reproduced 65 spatial-temporal prediction models and collected 55
spatial-temporal datasets, allowing researchers to conduct comprehensive
experiments conveniently. Using LibCity, we conducted a series of experiments
to validate the effectiveness of different models and components, and we
summarized promising future technology developments and research directions for
spatial-temporal prediction. By enabling fair model comparisons, designing a
unified data storage format, and simplifying the process of developing new
models, LibCity is poised to make significant contributions to the
spatial-temporal prediction field
Adiponectin protects against paraquat-induced lung injury by attenuating oxidative/nitrative stress.
The specific mechanisms underlying paraquat (PQ)-induced lung injury remain unknown, which limits understanding of its cytotoxic potential. Although oxidative stress has been established as an important mechanism underlying PQ toxicity, multiple antioxidants have proven ineffective in attenuating the deleterious effects of PQ. Adiponectin, which shows anti-oxidative and antinitrative effects, may have the potential to reduce PQ-mediated injury. The present study determined the protective action of globular domain adiponectin (gAd) on PQ-induced lung injury, and attempted to elucidate the underlying mechanism or mechanisms of action. BALB/c mice were administered PQ, with and without 12 or 36 h of gAd pre-treatment. The pulmonary oxidative/nitrative status was assessed by measuring pulmonary O2(•-), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and 8-hydroxy-2-dydeoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) production, and blood 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NT). At a dose of 20 mg/kg, PQ markedly increased O2(•-), SOD, MDA, NO and 8-OHdG production 3 h post-administration, but did not significantly increase 3-NT levels until 12 h. gAd inhibited these changes in a dose-dependent manner, via transient activation of MDA, followed by attenuation of MDA formation from 6 h onwards. Histological analysis demonstrated that gAd decreased interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. These results suggest that gAd protects against PQ-induced lung injury by mitigating oxidative/nitrative stress. Furthermore, gAd may be a potential therapeutic agent for PQ-induced lung injury, and further pharmacological studies are therefore warranted
Unified Data Management and Comprehensive Performance Evaluation for Urban Spatial-Temporal Prediction [Experiment, Analysis & Benchmark]
The field of urban spatial-temporal prediction is advancing rapidly with the
development of deep learning techniques and the availability of large-scale
datasets. However, challenges persist in accessing and utilizing diverse urban
spatial-temporal datasets from different sources and stored in different
formats, as well as determining effective model structures and components with
the proliferation of deep learning models. This work addresses these challenges
and provides three significant contributions. Firstly, we introduce "atomic
files", a unified storage format designed for urban spatial-temporal big data,
and validate its effectiveness on 40 diverse datasets, simplifying data
management. Secondly, we present a comprehensive overview of technological
advances in urban spatial-temporal prediction models, guiding the development
of robust models. Thirdly, we conduct extensive experiments using diverse
models and datasets, establishing a performance leaderboard and identifying
promising research directions. Overall, this work effectively manages urban
spatial-temporal data, guides future efforts, and facilitates the development
of accurate and efficient urban spatial-temporal prediction models. It can
potentially make long-term contributions to urban spatial-temporal data
management and prediction, ultimately leading to improved urban living
standards.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2304.1434
Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: A Survey
Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) aims to answer a question over a
knowledge base (KB). Early studies mainly focused on answering simple questions
over KBs and achieved great success. However, their performance on complex
questions is still far from satisfactory. Therefore, in recent years,
researchers propose a large number of novel methods, which looked into the
challenges of answering complex questions. In this survey, we review recent
advances on KBQA with the focus on solving complex questions, which usually
contain multiple subjects, express compound relations, or involve numerical
operations. In detail, we begin with introducing the complex KBQA task and
relevant background. Then, we describe benchmark datasets for complex KBQA task
and introduce the construction process of these datasets. Next, we present two
mainstream categories of methods for complex KBQA, namely semantic
parsing-based (SP-based) methods and information retrieval-based (IR-based)
methods. Specifically, we illustrate their procedures with flow designs and
discuss their major differences and similarities. After that, we summarize the
challenges that these two categories of methods encounter when answering
complex questions, and explicate advanced solutions and techniques used in
existing work. Finally, we conclude and discuss several promising directions
related to complex KBQA for future research.Comment: 20 pages, 4 tables, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2105.1164
Determination of scutellarin in breviscapine preparations using quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
AbstractThe objective of the present study was to develop the selection criteria of proton signals for the determination of scutellarin using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR), which is the main bioactive compound in breviscapine preparations for the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. The methyl singlet signal of 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt was selected as the internal standard for quantification. The molar concentration of scutellarin was determined by employing different proton signals. To obtain optimum proton signals for the quantification, different combinations of proton signals were investigated according to two selection criteria: the recovery rate of qNMR method and quantitative results compared with those obtained with ultra-performance liquid chromatography. As a result, the chemical shift of H-2′ and H-6′ at δ 7.88 was demonstrated as the most suitable signal with excellent linearity range, precision, and recovery for determining scutellarin in breviscapine preparations from different manufacturers, batch numbers, and dosage forms. Hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to evaluate the determination results. The results demonstrated that the selection criteria of proton signals established in this work were reliable for the qNMR study of scutellarin in breviscapine preparations
ReasoningLM: Enabling Structural Subgraph Reasoning in Pre-trained Language Models for Question Answering over Knowledge Graph
Question Answering over Knowledge Graph (KGQA) aims to seek answer entities
for the natural language question from a large-scale Knowledge Graph~(KG). To
better perform reasoning on KG, recent work typically adopts a pre-trained
language model~(PLM) to model the question, and a graph neural network~(GNN)
based module to perform multi-hop reasoning on the KG. Despite the
effectiveness, due to the divergence in model architecture, the PLM and GNN are
not closely integrated, limiting the knowledge sharing and fine-grained feature
interactions. To solve it, we aim to simplify the above two-module approach,
and develop a more capable PLM that can directly support subgraph reasoning for
KGQA, namely ReasoningLM. In our approach, we propose a subgraph-aware
self-attention mechanism to imitate the GNN for performing structured
reasoning, and also adopt an adaptation tuning strategy to adapt the model
parameters with 20,000 subgraphs with synthesized questions. After adaptation,
the PLM can be parameter-efficient fine-tuned on downstream tasks. Experiments
show that ReasoningLM surpasses state-of-the-art models by a large margin, even
with fewer updated parameters and less training data. Our codes and data are
publicly available at~\url{https://github.com/RUCAIBox/ReasoningLM}.Comment: EMNLP-23-Main; simple but effective SOTA on CWQ under a
weak-supervised settin
Improving multi-hop knowledge base question answering by learning intermediate supervision signals
National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore under International Research Centres in Singapore Funding InitiativeThe code is available at https://github.com/RichardHGL/WSDM2021_NSM</p
UnitedHuman: Harnessing Multi-Source Data for High-Resolution Human Generation
Human generation has achieved significant progress. Nonetheless, existing
methods still struggle to synthesize specific regions such as faces and hands.
We argue that the main reason is rooted in the training data. A holistic human
dataset inevitably has insufficient and low-resolution information on local
parts. Therefore, we propose to use multi-source datasets with various
resolution images to jointly learn a high-resolution human generative model.
However, multi-source data inherently a) contains different parts that do not
spatially align into a coherent human, and b) comes with different scales. To
tackle these challenges, we propose an end-to-end framework, UnitedHuman, that
empowers continuous GAN with the ability to effectively utilize multi-source
data for high-resolution human generation. Specifically, 1) we design a
Multi-Source Spatial Transformer that spatially aligns multi-source images to
full-body space with a human parametric model. 2) Next, a continuous GAN is
proposed with global-structural guidance and CutMix consistency. Patches from
different datasets are then sampled and transformed to supervise the training
of this scale-invariant generative model. Extensive experiments demonstrate
that our model jointly learned from multi-source data achieves superior quality
than those learned from a holistic dataset.Comment: Accepted by ICCV2023. Project page: https://unitedhuman.github.io/
Github: https://github.com/UnitedHuman/UnitedHuma
We know what you want to buy:a demographic-based system for product recommendation on microblogs
Product recommender systems are often deployed by e-commerce websites to improve user experience and increase sales. However, recommendation is limited by the product information hosted in those e-commerce sites and is only triggered when users are performing e-commerce activities. In this paper, we develop a novel product recommender system called METIS, a MErchanT Intelligence recommender System, which detects users' purchase intents from their microblogs in near real-time and makes product recommendation based on matching the users' demographic information extracted from their public profiles with product demographics learned from microblogs and online reviews. METIS distinguishes itself from traditional product recommender systems in the following aspects: 1) METIS was developed based on a microblogging service platform. As such, it is not limited by the information available in any specific e-commerce website. In addition, METIS is able to track users' purchase intents in near real-time and make recommendations accordingly. 2) In METIS, product recommendation is framed as a learning to rank problem. Users' characteristics extracted from their public profiles in microblogs and products' demographics learned from both online product reviews and microblogs are fed into learning to rank algorithms for product recommendation. We have evaluated our system in a large dataset crawled from Sina Weibo. The experimental results have verified the feasibility and effectiveness of our system. We have also made a demo version of our system publicly available and have implemented a live system which allows registered users to receive recommendations in real time
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