Intake of Gnetum africanum and Dacryodes edulis, imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant status and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in central Africans.

To estimate the prevalence of DR and to correlate cardiometabolic, sociodemographic, and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance data to the prevalence of DR.This case-control study included type 2 DM (T2 DM) patients with DR (n = 66), T2 DM patients without DR (N = 84), and healthy controls (n = 45) without DR, in Kinshasa town. Diet, albuminemia, serum vitamins, and 8-isoprostane were examined.No intake of safou (OR = 2.7 95% CI 1.2-5.8; P = 0.014), low serum albumin <4.5 g/dL (OR-2.9 95% CI 1.4-5.9; P = 0.003), no intake of fumbwa (OR = 2.8 95% CI 1.2-6.5; P = 0.014), high 8-isoprostane (OR = 14.3 95% CI 4.5-46; P<0.0001), DM duration ≥ 5 years (OR = 3.8 95% CI 1.6-9.1; P = 0.003), and low serum vitamin C (OR = 4.5 95% CI 1.3-15.5; P = 0.016) were identified as the significant independent determinants of DR.The important role of oxidant/antioxidant status imbalance and diet is demonstrated in DR

Migration, cardiometabolic risk and DR presence.

<p>Migration, cardiometabolic risk and DR presence.</p

Independent determinants of DR among Central Africans with type 2 Diabetes mellitus.

<p>Independent determinants of DR among Central Africans with type 2 Diabetes mellitus.</p

Independent determinants of DR among Central Africans with T2 DM.

<p>Independent determinants of DR among Central Africans with T2 DM.</p

Independent determinants of DR presence in T2 DM patients.

<p>Independent determinants of DR presence in T2 DM patients.</p

Univariate risk factors of DR among T2 DM patients.

<p>Univariate risk factors of DR among T2 DM patients.</p

Markers of DM control, Biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status according to the presence of DR.

<p>Markers of DM control, Biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status according to the presence of DR.</p

Photos of Fumbwa leaves (A) and Africanum pear Safou fruit (B).

<p>Photos of Fumbwa leaves (A) and Africanum pear Safou fruit (B).</p