30 research outputs found

    Safety and efficacy of GABAA α5 antagonist S44819 in patients with ischaemic stroke: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

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    Background: S44819, a selective GABAA α5 receptor antagonist, reduces tonic post-ischaemic inhibition of the peri-infarct cortex. S44819 improved stroke recovery in rodents and increased cortical excitability in a transcranial magnetic stimulation study in healthy volunteers. The Randomized Efficacy and Safety Trial of Oral GABAA α5 antagonist S44819 after Recent ischemic Event (RESTORE BRAIN) aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of S44819 for enhancing clinical recovery of patients with ischaemic stroke. Methods: RESTORE BRAIN was an international, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase 2 trial that evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral S44189 in patients with recent ischaemic stroke. The study was done in specialised stroke units in 92 actively recruiting centres in 14 countries: ten were European countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, and the UK) and four were non-European countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, and South Korea). Patients aged 18–85 years with acute ischaemic stroke involving cerebral cortex (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score 7–20) without previous disability were eligible for inclusion. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 150 mg S44819 twice a day, 300 mg S44819 twice a day, or placebo twice a day by a balanced, non-adaptive randomisation method with a 1:1:1 ratio. Treatment randomisation and allocation were centralised via the interactive web response system using computer-generated random sequences with a block size of 3. Blinding of treatment was achieved by identical appearance and taste of all sachets. Patients, investigators and individuals involved in the analysis of the trial were masked to group assignment. The primary endpoint was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 90 days from onset of treatment, evaluated by shift analysis (predefined main analysis) or by dichotomised analyses using 0–1 versus 2–6 and 0–2 versus 3–6 cutoffs (predefined secondary analysis). Secondary endpoints were the effects of S44819 on the NIHSS and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, time needed to complete parts A and B of the Trail Making Test, and the Barthel index. Efficacy analyses were done on all patients who received at least one dose of treatment and had at least one mRS score taken after day 5 (specifically, on or after day 30). Safety was compared across treatment groups for all patients who received at least one dose of treatment. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02877615. Findings: Between Dec 19, 2016, and Nov 16, 2018, 585 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, 197 (34%) were randomly assigned to receive 150 mg S44819 twice a day, 195 (33%) to receive 300 mg S44819 twice a day, and 193 (33%) to receive placebo twice a day. 189 (96%) of 197 patients in the 150 mg S44819 group, 188 (96%) of 195 patients in the 300 mg S44819 group, and 191 (99%) patients in the placebo group received at least one dose of treatment and had at least one mRS score taken after day 5, and were included in efficacy analyses. 195 (99%) of 197 patients in the 150 mg S44819 group, 194 (99%) of 195 patients in the 300 mg S44819 group, and 193 (100%) patients in the placebo group received at least one dose of treatment, and were included in safety analyses. The primary endpoint of mRS at day 90 did not differ between each of the two S44819 groups and the placebo group (OR 0·91 [95% CI 0·64–1·31]; p=0·80 for 150 mg S44819 compared with placebo and OR 1·17 [95% CI 0·81–1·67]; p=0·80 for 300 mg S44819 compared with placebo). Likewise, dichotomised mRS scores at day 90 (mRS 0–2 vs 3–6 or mRS 0–1 vs 2–6) did not differ between groups. Secondary endpoints did not reveal any significant group differences. The median NIHSS score at day 90 did not differ between groups (4 [IQR 2–8] in 150 mg S44819 group, 4 [2–7] in 300 mg S44819 group, and 4 [2–6] in placebo group), nor did the number of patients at day 90 with an NIHSS score of up to 5 (95 [61%] of 156 in 150 mg S44819 group, 106 [66%] of 161 in 300 mg S44819 group, and 104 [66%] of 157 in placebo group) versus more than 5 (61 [39%] in 150 mg S44819 group, 55 [34%] in 300 mg S44819 group, and 53 [34%] in placebo group). Likewise, the median MoCA score (22·0 [IQR 17·0–26·0] in 150 mg S44819 group, 23·0 [19·0–26·5] in 300 mg S44819 group, and 22·0 [17·0–26·0] in placebo group), time needed to complete parts A (50 s [IQR 42–68] in 150 mg S44819 group, 49 s [36–63] in 300 mg S44819 group, and 50 s [38–68] in placebo group) and B (107 s [81–144] in 150 mg S44819 group, 121 s [76–159] in 300 mg S44819 group, and 130 s [86–175] in placebo group) of the Trail Making Test, and the Barthel index (90 [IQR 60–100] in 150 mg S44819 group, 90 [70–100] in 300 mg S44819 group, and 90 [70–100] in placebo group) were similar in all groups. Number and type of adverse events were similar between the three groups. There were no drug-related adverse events and no drug-related deaths. Interpretation: There was no evidence that S44819 improved clinical outcome in patients after ischaemic stroke, and thus S44819 cannot be recommended for stroke therapy. The concept of tonic inhibition after stroke should be re-evaluated in humans. Funding: Servier

    Mise au point d'un outil d'aide à la décision dans le domaine du risque sismique. Démarche expérimentale d'appropriation de la problématique des risques par les acteurs d'une collectivité urbaine (RP-50020-FR )

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    RĂ©fĂ©rence : BRGM/RP-50020-FRRapport commanditĂ© par la RĂ©gion RhĂŽne-AlpesSynthĂšse Le risque naturel est une rĂ©alitĂ© pour de nombreuses collectivitĂ©s et leurs services techniques ne l'ignorent pas. Toutefois les acteurs susceptibles d'y ĂȘtre confrontĂ©s, et d'en amĂ©liorer la prĂ©vention, tels que les entreprises, les populations ou les gouvernants ne l'ont pas toujours intĂ©grĂ©. En effet, les problĂšmes sociaux, Ă©conomiques ou politiques sont parfois plus prĂ©occupants pour les responsables d'une collectivitĂ© qui laissent la prise en compte du risque naturel Ă  la charge des responsables de la sĂ©curitĂ©. Pourtant, un Ă©vĂšnement sismique faible peut avoir des consĂ©quences sociales ou Ă©conomiques : des populations Ă  faibles revenus peuvent ĂȘtre dĂ©placĂ©es Ă  la suite de rĂ©novations entraĂźnant une hausse de l'immobilier, de mĂȘme que des entreprises peuvent ĂȘtre pĂ©nalisĂ©es par la perturbation de rĂ©seaux de tĂ©lĂ©communication ou l'affectation de leurs salariĂ©s. Pour que le risque soit pris en compte par tous les acteurs d'une collectivitĂ©, il doit donc leur ĂȘtre prĂ©sentĂ© selon leur culture et doit ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ© dans le cadre de leurs prĂ©occupations. Faut-il pour parler du risque, dĂ©velopper autant de discours qu'il y a d'acteurs ? Probablement non, car si les acteurs sont multiples ils appartiennent nĂ©anmoins tous Ă  la collectivitĂ© et celle-ci n'a qu'une Ă©chelle de valeurs. C'est selon ce principe que la recherche a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e. RĂ©alisĂ©e dans le cadre du programme de recherche " GĂ©nie urbain et environnement ", financĂ© par le contrat de plan Etat-RĂ©gion RhĂŽne Alpes 1994-1999, elle a pour objectif de dĂ©finir une mĂ©thode permettant l'appropriation de la problĂ©matique du risque par les acteurs d'une collectivitĂ© territoriale. L'application pratique de cette recherche a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e avec l'appui du district annĂ©cien. Cette recherche a nĂ©cessitĂ© l'association de compĂ©tences dans le domaine des risques, des alĂ©as et des enjeux ainsi que dans celui de l'identification des CohĂ©rences culturelles d'une collectivitĂ©. Elle est le rĂ©sultat des travaux menĂ©s conjointement par le BRGM, l'Institut CohĂ©rences, Nicaya et l'UniversitĂ© de Savoie. La recherche a portĂ© sur l'apprĂ©hension de la problĂ©matique du risque par les diffĂ©rents acteurs, les conditions culturelles de l'appropriation active et sur les conditions du partage de la connaissance et de la comprĂ©hension. La mise en oeuvre des connaissances, Ă  travers des dĂ©cisions communes et la recherche collective de solutions n'a pas Ă©tĂ© abordĂ©e dans ce travail

    Recent literature on bryophytes — 121(3)

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    R\ue9alisation du second \u153uvre et d\u2019am\ue9nagements domestiques entre l\u2019\uc9n\ue9olithique et l\u2019\ue2ge du Bronze en Italie: observations arch\ue9ologiques et g\ue9oarch\ue9ologiques

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    Cette contribution a pour but de montrer la variabilit\ue9 dans la r\ue9alisation du second oeuvre en terre en Italie, entre le IVe mill\ue9naire et le IIe mill\ue9naire (\uc9n\ue9olithique et \ue2ge du Bronze). Les choix li\ue9s \ue0 la s\ue9lection des mati\ue8res premi\ue8res et aux modalit\ue9s de mise en oeuvre sont analys\ue9s \ue0 partir de diff\ue9rentes \ue9chelles d\u2019observation : observation sur le terrain, examen macroscopique et m\ue9soscopique des mat\ue9riaux en laboratoire, analyse microscopique en lame mince. Les sites choisis pour l\u2019\ue9tude se caract\ue9risent par des chronologies ou par des contextes socio-\ue9conomiques et environnementaux diff\ue9rents. Si, d\u2019un c\uf4t\ue9, il est possible de reconna\ueetre l\u2019existence de savoir-faire r\ue9pandus et typiques de cette p\ue9riode, d\u2019un autre c\uf4t\ue9, ou pourra noter les particularit\ue9s de chaque contexte, qui sont fonction non seulement des mati\ue8res premi\ue8res \ue0 disposition, mais aussi des besoins contingents et de la trajectoire historique de chaque communaut\ue9 humaine \ue0 l\u2019\ue9chelle locale ou r\ue9gionale
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