8,066 research outputs found

    The role international human rights law in the protection of online privacy in the age of surveillance

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    The article discusses the uncertainty surrounding the interpretation and application of the right to privacy norms under Article 17 of the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights 1966 in the context of State sponsored cyber surveillance. The paper supports the updating of General Comment No. 16 to Article 17. To that end, it focuses on two fundamental aspects of this process, namely the development of more detailed understanding of what is meant by the right to privacy in the 21st century and the challenge posed by foreign cyber surveillance to the principle of extraterritorial application of human rights

    'The right to privacy and the future of mass surveillance'

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    The article considers the feasibility of the adoption by the Council of Europe Member States of a multilateral binding treaty, called the Intelligence Codex aimed at regulating the working methods of State intelligence agencies. The paper explores the reasons for such a treaty. It demonstrates that foreign mass cyber surveillance interferes with the right to privacy of communications. Furthermore, it identifies the need to broaden the extraterritorial scope of application of human rights treaties in the context of cyberspace and supports the calls from the Council of Europe to ban cyber espionage and unfettered mass surveillance

    Russell Buchan, Cyber Espionage and International Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc., 2019, 195 pp. ISBN 9781782257349. [Book review]

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    Peacetime espionage as a method for states’ gathering military, political, commercial or other secret information by means of spies, secret agents or monitoring devices has a long and well-documented history. It has and continues to be an indispensable part of the activities that most governments undertake, but characteristically it is shrouded in secrecy and usually denied. The international law's stance regarding peacetime espionage has traditionally been and remains rather ambivalent. Some commentators argue that it exists in the twilight of international law, whilst others contend that the rules of lex lata have little role to play as they neither prohibit nor allow states to engage in this method of gathering information. [...

    The principle of constant care, prolonged drone surveillance and the right to privacy of non-combatants in armed conflicts

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    This chapter critically examines the impact of sustained drone surveillance on non-combatants in war zones and argues that legal constraints should be placed on this practice. It identifies a lacuna in the international humanitarian law (IHL) framework with respect to privacy and data protection rights and demonstrates that IHL and international human rights law (IHRL) apply concurrently in armed conflicts. Further, it contends that the IHRL rules on mass surveillance of communications pertain to this method of intelligence collection. The rationale for their application is the constant care principle set out in Article 57(1) of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions 1949, as it places state parties under a continuous duty of care of civilian populations in regard to the whole spectrum of military operations, which must necessarily include intelligence gathering

    An experimental investigation of controls on carbonate diagenetic textures and mineralogy

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    The legacy of the privacy versus security narrative in the ECtHR's jurisprudence

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    The post traces the modern culture of mass surveillance to the UN policy of counterterrorism resulting from the 9/11 attacks on the United States. It argues that balancing security needs with privacy rights on the basis of the traditional security/privacy trade-off is misguided, and identifies the complexities involved in the modern culture of surveillance. Further, it highlights that the security narrative has always played an important role in the European Court of Human Rights’ (ECtHR) law making, ultimately leading to the Court’s embracing of mass surveillance practices

    Understanding the Recovery Process in Psychosis

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    Conceptualizing recovery in the context of severe and persisting mental health conditions is a complex issue. In recent years, there has been a call to re-focus research from understanding the concept of recovery to improving understanding of the process of recovery. There is a paucity of knowledge about the core processes involved in recovery from psychosis. Objective: The authors aimed to gain insight into possible processes involved in recovery through analyzing data generated from a large qualitative study investigating employment barriers and support needs of people living with psychosis. Research Design and Methods: Participants were 137 individuals drawn from six key stakeholder groups. Data obtained from focus groups (14) and individual interviews (34) were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The main recovery processes identified were: learning effective coping strategies; recognizing personal potential; identifying and realizing personal goals; participation in social and occupational roles; positive risk-taking; and reclaiming personal identity. Discussion: The results of this study have implications for treatment as well as the daily support needs of people recovering from psychosis

    The Prognosis and Treatment in Scarlatina from a Record of 797 Cases Treated in Hospital

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    The Role of Academic Space Management at Research Universities and Academic Medical Centers

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    Facilities represent the greatest financial investment for most institutions, yet they remain largely ignored from a management perspective. Improving academic facilities information would provide institutional leaders with an additional tool to improve institutional planning and resource allocations. Academic Space Management (ASM) is a construct that suggests how space management can be more detailed, web-based, and utilized for planning and decision making. This project reports on a case study of three research-focused institutions and the institutions' interest in and use of space information. Results suggest the importance of senior leadership, trust among participants, the practical nature of the space database, and understanding the role that institutional culture plays
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