The analysis of angular correlations of radiative transitions and an investigation of excited states of Cl³⁵

1 volume ; 29 cm. Includes bibliographical references

Acoustic emphasis in four year olds

Acoustic emphasis may convey a range of subtle discourse distinctions, yet little is known about how this complex ability develops in children. This paper presents a first investigation of the factors which influence the production of acoustic prominence in young children’s spontaneous speech. In a production experiment, SVO sentences were elicited from 4 year olds who were asked to describe events in a video. Children were found to place more acoustic prominence both on ‘new’ words and on words that were ‘given’ but had shifted to a more accessible position within the discourse. This effect of accessibility concurs with recent studies of adult speech. We conclude that, by age four, children show appropriate, adult-like use of acoustic prominence, suggesting sensitivity to a variety of discourse distinctions

Intonational phrasing in language production and comprehension

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-150).The work presented in this thesis was conducted with two aims in mind. The first was to understand where speakers prefer to place intonational boundaries in language production. The second was to understand where listeners prefer to hear boundaries in language comprehension.by Duane G. Watson.Ph.D

Assessing priming for prosodic representations : Speaking rate, intonational phrase boundaries, and pitch accenting

We thank Candice Stanfield, Ashley Frost, and Ashley Devereux for their assistance with data collection and coding. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant R01 DC008774 and by the James S. McDonnell Foundation.Peer reviewedPostprin

Youth and Families Matter: Reconstructing the System One Youth At a Time from the Expertise of Youth Advocates

A group of youth advocates were tasked with discussing their experiences in the child welfare system as children and their perspectives on reforming the system. Informed by their experiences in foster care and work with the Juvenile Law Center, the youth advocates addressed issues of racism, reform, abolition, and child well-being. They concluded that meaningful reform of the child welfare system mandates a radical realignment of power to provide full participation, collaboration, and shared decision-making authority to families impacted by the child welfare system

Synthesising meaning and processing approaches to prosody: performance matters

Words vary in acoustic prominence; for example repeated words tend to be reduced, while focused elements tend to be acoustically prominent. We discuss two approaches to this phenomenon. On the message-based view, acoustic choices signal the speaker’s meaning or pragmatics, or are guided by syntactic structure. On the facilitation-based view, reduced forms reflect facilitation of production processing mechanisms. We argue that message-based constraints correlate systematically with production facilitation. Moreover, we argue that discourse effects on acoustic reduction may be at least partially mediated by processing facilitation. Thus, research needs to simultaneously consider both competence (message) and performance (processing) constraints on prosody, specifically in terms of the psychological mechanisms underlying acoustic reduction. To facilitate this goal, we present preliminary processing models of message-based and facilitation-based approaches, and outline directions for future research

Quantification of Mixed Mode Loading and Bond Line Thickness on Adhesive Joint Strength Using Novel Test Specimen Geometry

The final publication is available at Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2020.102682. © 2020. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This study quantifies the effect of mixed mode loading and bond line thickness on adhesive joint strength or automotive structural applications. This research is motivated by the need to address the complex loading that occurs during automotive crash events, as well as the variation in bond line thickness that may occur due to gap variability when joining mass-produced structural components. A newly developed specimen geometry for Mode II and Mixed Mode loading is presented, while a recently published test methodology was used to characterize the Mode I response. Three nominal bond line thicknesses (0.18, 0.30 and 0.64 mm), were investigated for a toughened structural adhesive and steel adherends. The traction-separation response, required for cohesive zone modeling (CZM) of adhesive joints, was determined for each combination of bond line thickness and mode of loading. Mode I loading resulted in higher peak traction and lower critical energy release rates compared to Mode II loading, with the Mixed Mode responses typically falling between Mode I and II, in relation to the loading angle tested. Increasing bond line thickness resulted in a reduction in initial stiffness and peak traction, as well as an increase in critical energy release rate for all modes of loading. Two existing CZM mixed mode failure criteria were assessed and demonstrated a good fit to the tested mixed mode responses, despite the limited ability of the CZM implementation to predict the end of the plateau region of the traction-separation response. The experimental approach described in this study was shown to provide repeatable results that could be directly used to fully define an adhesive CZM, ready for use in finite element modeling without the need for inverse modeling

Language Experience Predicts Eye Movements During Online Auditory Comprehension

Experience-based theories of language processing suggest that listeners use the properties of their previous linguistic input to constrain comprehension in real time (e.g. MacDonald & Christiansen, 2002; Smith & Levy, 2013; Stanovich & West, 1989; Mishra, Pandey, Singh, & Huettig, 2012). This project investigates the prediction that individual differences in experience will predict differences in sentence comprehension. Participants completed a visual world eye-tracking task following Altmann and Kamide (1999) which manipulates whether the verb licenses the anticipation of a specific referent in the scene (e.g. The boy will eat/move the cake). Within this paradigm, we ask (1) are there reliable individual differences in language-mediated eye movements during this task? If so, (2) do individual differences in language experience correlate with these differences, and (3) can this relationship be explained by other, more general cognitive abilities? Study 1 finds evidence that language experience predicts an overall facilitation in fixating the target, and Study 2 replicates this effect and finds that it remains when controlling for working memory, inhibitory control, phonological ability, and perceptual speed

Metallic Multi-Material Adhesive Joint Testing and Modeling for Vehicle Lightweighting

The final publication is available at Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.102421. © 2019. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/While adhesive bonding has been shown to be a beneficial technique to join multi-material automotive bodies-in-white, quantitatively assessing the effect of adherend response on the ultimate strength of adhesively bonded joints is necessary for accurate joint design. In the current study, thin adherend single lap shear testing was carried out using three sheet metals used to replace mild steel when lightweighting automotive structures: hot stamped Usibor® 1500 AS ultra-high strength steel (UHSS), aluminum (AA5182), and magnesium (ZEK 100). Six combinations of single and multi-material samples were bonded with a one-part toughed structural epoxy adhesive and experimentally tested to measure the force, displacement across the bond line, and joint rotation during loading. Finite element models of each test were analyzed using LS-DYNA to quantitatively assess the effects of the mode mixity on ultimate joint failure. The adherends were modeled with shell elements and a cohesive zone model was implemented using bulk material properties for the adhesive to allow full three-dimensional analysis of the test, while still being computationally efficient. The UHSS-UHSS joint strength (27.2 MPa; SD 0.6 MPa) was significantly higher than all other material combinations, with joint strengths between 17.9 MPa (SD 0.9 MPa) and 23.9 MPa (SD 1.4 MPa). The models predicted the test response (average R2 of 0.86) including the bending deformation of the adherends, which led to mixed mode loading of the adhesive. The critical cohesive element in the UHSS-UHSS simulation predicted 85% Mode II loading at failure while the other material combinations predicted between 41% and 53% Mode II loading at failure, explaining the higher failure strength in the UHSS-UHSS joint. This study presents a computational method to predict adhesive joint response and failure in multi-material structures, and highlights the importance of the adherend bending stiffness and on joint rotation and ultimate joint strength