A Note on a Conjecture of Watanabe and Yoshida

We consider a conjecture of Watanabe and Yoshida concerning the Hilbert - Kunz multiplicity of an ideal in a Cohen-Macaulay ring and provide a proof of the conjecture in the case the ring is graded.Comment: 6 page

Letter from T. Watanabe to Claire D. Sprauge, June 6, 1942

Blk. 27 Bldg. [building] 6 Apt. [Apartment] 4 Manzanar Reception Center Manzanar, Calif. [California] June 6, 1942 Dear teacher, How are you? I am fine. How was the graduation? I am sorry I didn’t write soon. I do not have anything to do. Over here is a nice place but I wish I were at home. You said you wanted the nouns and meals mentioned so I will write and tell. I didn’t find lots of [nouns]. [They] were as followed: 1. A big long diary form. 2. sagbrush [sagebrush] and cactus which was very big. 3. Train on a long bridge under which grows apricot trees. 4. The [Mojave] Desert. I wrote the meals of one day, too. Breakfast- bread-ham-apples. Dinner-lettuce- [buts] with vinegar-noodles with soup. There was meat and onions in the soup. Supper-rice-still with meat and onions and carrots spinach. Out here people have dogs, bicycles, sewing machines (portable), and big trunks, etc. And we could go to any block we wish to go to. Out here there are 4 family’s in a building and 6 windows to 1 family. There are [8] library’s but not enough books. It is not fun here though. The boys play baseball and the girls just wander around and talk. I tried to write to you many times but I always seem to be making a mistake on a clean paper but this time I succeeded in writing without any mistakes. I hope everyone got into the 7th grade. It sure is hot here. I hope you excuse me for not writing soon. Teruko Wantanabe P.S. Hope you understand my writing.https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/sprague/1013/thumbnail.jp

A privative derivational source for standard negation in Lokono (Arawakan)

Abstract It has recently been argued that Arawakan languages of South America provide evidence for a novel historical source for standard negation, a privative derivational affix. This hypothesis posits that the prefixal standard negation found in some languages of the family developed from a privative prefix, ma-, present in Proto-Arawakan, that originally derived privative stative verbs from nouns. According to this account, the function of this prefix extended, in many languages of the family, to negating nominalized verbs in subordinate clauses, and then, via insubordination, to standard main clause negation, in a smaller subset of languages. The purpose of this paper is to substantiate this hypothetical trajectory in detail in a particular Arawakan language: Lokono, a highly endangered language of the Guianas. On the basis of modern linguistic fieldwork and colonial-era language materials, we show that 18th-century Lokono exhibited a standard negation construction based on the privative, and that this construction exhibits clear signs of its subordinate clause origin. We show that Lokono also exhibits the full range of functions for the privative ma- that are predicted to be historical precursors to the standard negation function, substantiating the historical trajectory from privative derivation to standard negation. We conclude by observing that the prefixal standard negation strategy has lost ground since the 18th century to a standard negation particle that originally expressed constituent negation, possibly due to contact with colonial languages that employ similar strategies

Team-oriented process programming

Team-oriented process programming promises to provide significant support for the planning, directing, and controlling of software engineering projects. In this paper we apply process programming to software engineering teams and show how this can provide powerful new capabilities for the management of software projects. We identify key issues which must be addressed to apply process programming to teams, and present our vision for team-oriented process programming

Publisher Correction: An engineered human Fc domain that behaves like a pH-toggle switch for ultra-long circulation persistence.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper