1,882 research outputs found
On parity functions in conformal field theories
We examine general aspects of parity functions arising in rational conformal
field theories, as a result of Galois theoretic properties of modular
transformations. We focus more specifically on parity functions associated with
affine Lie algebras, for which we give two efficient formulas. We investigate
the consequences of these for the modular invariance problem.Comment: 18 pages, no figure, LaTeX2
Charge Lattices and Consistency of 6D Supergravity
We extend the known consistency conditions on the low-energy theory of
six-dimensional N = 1 supergravity. We review some facts about the theory of
two-form gauge fields and conclude that the charge lattice Gamma for such a
theory has to be self-dual. The Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation conditions
in the supergravity theory determine a sublattice of Gamma. The condition that
this sublattice can be extended to a self-dual lattice Gamma leads to a strong
constraint on theories that otherwise appear to be self-consistent.Comment: 15 pages. v2: minor changes; references, additional example added;
v3: minor corrections and clarifications added, JHEP versio
Mapping 6D N = 1 supergravities to F-theory
We develop a systematic framework for realizing general anomaly-free chiral
6D supergravity theories in F-theory. We focus on 6D (1, 0) models with one
tensor multiplet whose gauge group is a product of simple factors (modulo a
finite abelian group) with matter in arbitrary representations. Such theories
can be decomposed into blocks associated with the simple factors in the gauge
group; each block depends only on the group factor and the matter charged under
it. All 6D chiral supergravity models can be constructed by gluing such blocks
together in accordance with constraints from anomalies. Associating a geometric
structure to each block gives a dictionary for translating a supergravity model
into a set of topological data for an F-theory construction. We construct the
dictionary of F-theory divisors explicitly for some simple gauge group factors
and associated matter representations. Using these building blocks we analyze a
variety of models. We identify some 6D supergravity models which do not map to
integral F-theory divisors, possibly indicating quantum inconsistency of these
6D theories.Comment: 37 pages, no figures; v2: references added, minor typos corrected;
v3: minor corrections to DOF counting in section
The Intermediate Filament Cytoskeleton of Macrophages
This study characterizes two-and three-dimensional ultrastructure and surface topography of polymerized networks of intermediate filaments (IF) isolated from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Isolated IF bound to monoclonal anti-IF antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Immunogold labeling of IF with specific antibodies revealed that epitopes are distributed along filaments particularly at junctions where filaments interconnect. Networks of IF, viewed by scanning electron microscopy, organized as ropelike groups of interconnecting filaments which swirl and encircle each other to form three-dimensional lattices containing ellipsoidal-, circular-, and vacuole-shaped cavities. Cavity diameters were similar in size to organelles and vacuoles; diameters were grouped as small (12-288 nm), medium (0.3-1.7 μm), and large (2-3 μm). The walls of the cavities appeared as beaded structures with alternating globular and linear regions. Linear regions were 14 nm. Repeat distances taken from the central axis of globular regions were 23-27 nm. The lattice organization of IF observed in vitro was similar to images seen in vivo in Triton-insoluble cytoskeletons immunofluorescently labeled with specific antibodies. In whole cells processed for TEM, swirling bundles of IF were found encircling membranous vacuoles. Based on the lattice architecture of IF, cavity dimensions, and IF location, we postulate that intermediate filaments may function in the mechanical and spatial distribution of vacuoles in the cell cytoplasm
6D supergravity without tensor multiplets
We systematically investigate the finite set of possible gauge groups and
matter content for N = 1 supergravity theories in six dimensions with no tensor
multiplets, focusing on nonabelian gauge groups which are a product of SU(N)
factors. We identify a number of models which obey all known low-energy
consistency conditions, but which have no known string theory realization. Many
of these models contain novel matter representations, suggesting possible new
string theory constructions. Many of the most exotic matter structures arise in
models which precisely saturate the gravitational anomaly bound on the number
of hypermultiplets. Such models have a rigid symmetry structure, in the sense
that there are no moduli which leave the full gauge group unbroken.Comment: 31 pages, latex; v2, v3: minor corrections, references adde
Mutational Specificity of γ-Radiation-Induced Guanine−Thymine and Thymine−Guanine Intrastrand Cross-Links in Mammalian Cells and Translesion Synthesis Past the Guanine−Thymine Lesion by Human DNA Polymerase η†
ABSTRACT: Comparative mutagenesis of γ- or X-ray-induced tandem DNA lesions G[8,5-Me]T and T[5-Me,8]G intrastrand cross-links was investigated in simian (COS-7) and human embryonic (293T) kidney cells. For G[8,5-Me]T in 293T cells, 5.8 % of progeny contained targeted base substitutions, whereas 10.0 % showed semitargeted single-base substitutions. Of the targeted mutations, the G f T mutation occurred with the highest frequency. The semitargeted mutations were detected up to two bases 5 ′ and three bases 3 ′ to the cross-link. The most prevalent semitargeted mutation was a C f T transition immediately 5 ′ to the G[8,5-Me]T cross-link. Frameshifts (4.6%) (mostly small deletions) and multiple-base substitutions (2.7%) also were detected. For the T[5-Me,8]G cross-link, a similar pattern of mutations was noted, but the mutational frequency was significantly higher than that of G[8,5-Me]T. Both targeted and semitargeted mutations occurred with a frequency of ∼16%, and both included a dominant G f T transversion. As in 293T cells, more than twice as many targeted mutations in COS cells occurred in T[5-Me,8]G (11.4%) as in G[8,5-Me]T (4.7%). Also, the level of semitargeted single-base substitutions 5 ′ to the lesion was increased and 3 ′ to the lesion decreased in T[5-Me,8]G relative to G[8,5-Me]T in COS cells. It appeared that the majority of the base substitutions at or near the cross-links resulted from incorporation of dAMP opposite the template base, in agreement with the so-called “A-rule”. To determin
Global aspects of the space of 6D N = 1 supergravities
We perform a global analysis of the space of consistent 6D quantum gravity
theories with N = 1 supersymmetry, including models with multiple tensor
multiplets. We prove that for theories with fewer than T = 9 tensor multiplets,
a finite number of distinct gauge groups and matter content are possible. We
find infinite families of field combinations satisfying anomaly cancellation
and admitting physical gauge kinetic terms for T > 8. We find an integral
lattice associated with each apparently-consistent supergravity theory; this
lattice is determined by the form of the anomaly polynomial. For models which
can be realized in F-theory, this anomaly lattice is related to the
intersection form on the base of the F-theory elliptic fibration. The condition
that a supergravity model have an F-theory realization imposes constraints
which can be expressed in terms of this lattice. The analysis of models which
satisfy known low-energy consistency conditions and yet violate F-theory
constraints suggests possible novel constraints on low-energy supergravity
theories.Comment: 41 pages, 1 figur
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