An Examination of the HBB Gene in Various African Populations

Malarial resistance serves as a prime example of how infectious disease and parasite loads have affected human evolutionary biology. Claiming over 1 million deaths worldwide every year, malaria\u27s wide and severe effects on the human condition are undeniably strong. However, studies on populations existing in malaria endemic areas have revealed numerous biological adaptations that confer resistance against the disease. Major forms of genetic resistance to malaria are seen through variants involved in sickle cell disease, Duffy blood antigens, glycophorins, blood type groupings, and glucose-6-dehydrogenase deficiency. Of these the best studied are the genetic variants in the HBB gene, which is responsible for the construction of hemoglobin in erythrocytes. Variants of the HBB gene include HbS, HbC, HbE, and variants involved in beta-thalassemias, which are present at varying frequencies in different areas of the world in response to the pressure of malarial disease. African populations in particular are of great interest due to their greater genetic diversity and the high rates of malarial diseases reported in African countries. As such, sequencing the genotypes of multiple African populations would give a greater understanding to the frequencies of the two major HBB variants present in Africa, HbS and HbC. Furthermore, given the strong selective pressure an infectious disease such as malaria would place on populations in malaria-endemic regions, it is possible that multiple variants may have evolved in these populations in attempt to combat the disease. By sequencing the HBB gene and its corresponding upstream region in 260 individuals from 15 different African populations, the frequencies of the HbS and HbC SNPs have been determined

Charles W. Goldsborough, acting Secretary of the Navy, orders David Porter, commander of New Orleans station, to convene a court martial for the trial of Robert Fell. 1809.

A court martial for the trial of Robert Fell is ordered by the Secretary of the Navy, for the charges stated in a letter (not present) by Mr J Herbert in November of 1808.https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/1181/thumbnail.jp

Nosocomial Infections among Pediatric Patients with Neoplastic Diseases

Background. Pediatric patients with neoplastic diseases are more likely to develop nosocomial infections (NIs). NIs may prolong their hospital stay, and increase morbidity and mortality. Objectives. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the incidence of NIs, (2) sites of NIs, (3) causal organisms, and (4) outcomes of NIs among pediatric patients with neoplastic diseases. Methods. This study was a prospective cohort study of pediatric patients with neoplastic diseases who were admitted to the Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand. Results. A total of 707 pediatric patients with neoplastic diseases were admitted. Forty-six episodes of NIs in 30 patients were reported (6.5 NIs/100 admission episodes and 7 NIs/1000 days of hospitalization). Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia had the highest number of NIs (41.3%). The most common causal organisms were gram-negative bacteria (47.1%). Patients who had undergone invasive procedures were more likely to develop NIs than those who had not (P < .05). The mortality rate of patients with NIs was 19.6%. Conclusion. Pediatric patients with neoplastic diseases are more likely to develop NIs after having undergone invasive procedures. Pediatricians should be aware of this and strictly follow infection control guidelines in order to reduce morbidity and mortality rates related to NIs

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in HIV-Infected Children: A Case Report and Literature Review

We report a case of a perinatally HIV-infected patient aged 9 years, who presented with right-sided hemiplegia. His initial CD4 T-cell was of 0.21% (4 cells/μL) and plasma HIV RNA virus of 185 976 copies/mL (log 5.27). Plasma and CSF samples were subsequently positive for JCV. Twelve days after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the MRI showed progressive white matter lesions with asymmetrical deep and subcortical white matter lesions over the left frontotemporoparietal region and the right frontal lobe. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) was suspected, and the patient was treated with methylprednisolone. His clinical symptoms worsened and despite therapy the patient deteriorated

Lion Rock Visiting Writers Series: Jos Charles

Jos Charles is the author of feeld (Milkweed, 2018), winner of the 2017 National Poetry Series, and Safe Space (Ahsahta, 2016), finalist for the 2016 Lambda Literary Award for Transgender Poetry. The Lion Rock Visiting Writers Series schedules readings every quarter and features nationally known writers reading their own work.https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/libraryevents/1159/thumbnail.jp

He Told Me So / music by J. W. Schoff; words by Emily T. Charles

Cover: text reads Dedicated to Miss Katie N. Scott; Publisher: John F. Ellis and Co. (Washington D.C.)https://egrove.olemiss.edu/sharris_a/1016/thumbnail.jp

Letters from George Washington Walker, Hobart, Tasmania to Abraham Charles Flower

Four letters written by George Washington Walker, Hobart, Tasmania to Abraham Charles Flower dated between 1847 and 1850. Abraham Charles Flower (alias Richard Edwards) was transported as a convict to Sarah Island, Macquarie Harbour , Tasmania in 1830. He was one of three convicts converted to Quakerism by Backhouse and Walker. One convict, Henry Propsting, joined the Friends in 1836 and took a prominent part in Quaker activities, another went to Sydney as an assigned servant to James Backhouse, and the third, Flower, after a chequered career was last heard of near Castlemaine in Victoria. From: Walker Private Deposit W9/A1(25) letters 13-1

Messages of the governors of the territory of Washington to the Legislative assembly, 1854-1889

Gerald W. Williams Collectio

Rapid Publication The Transmembrane pH Gradient Drives Uphill Folate Transport in Rabbit Jejunum Direct Evidence for Folate/Hydroxyl Exchange in Brush Border Membrane Vesicles

Abstract In rabbit jejunal, but not ileal brush border membrane vesicles, an outwardly directed OH-gradient (pH 7.7 inside, pH 5.5 outside) markedly stimulated the initial velocity of folate (0.1 tiM) uptake compared with uptake in the absence of a pH gradient. Under pH gradient conditions, folate was transiently accumulated at a concentration four times that found at equilibrium (overshoot), implying uphill transport of the vitamin. Equilibrium folate uptake was inversely proportional to medium osmolality, suggesting uptake into an osmotically sensitive space. pH gradient-stimulated folate uptake was markedly reduced by inhibitors of anion exchange (4,4&apos;-diisothiocyano-2,2&apos;-disulfonic acid stilbene; 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2&apos;-disulfonic acid; furosemide), and was saturable (folate K., = 0.19±0.02 gsM; V, = 12.8±0.4 pmol -mg protein-&apos; . min-). Imposition of an inside-positive electrical potential did not stimulate folate uptake, suggesting that stimulation by a pH gradient was not due to an induced electrical potential. In contrast, an inwardly directed Na&apos; or K&apos; gradient did not stimulate folate uptake. These findings provide evidence for a carrier on the jejunal brush border membrane that mediates folate/OH-exchange (or HW/folate co-transport), and are consonant with the known presence of an outwardly directed OH-gradient in vivo (brush border acid microclimate), an acidic pH optimum for intestinal folate uptake, and the primary role of the jejunum in folate absorption