Score Reliability and Factor Similarity of the Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) Among Four Ethnic Groups

Background:This study evaluated the score reliability and equivalence of factor structure of the Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) [1] in a sample of female college students from the four largest ethnic groups in the USA.Methods:Participants were 1245 women who self-identified as European American/White (n = 543), African American/Black (n = 137), Asian American (n = 317), or Latina/Hispanic (n = 248). All completed the SATAQ-3 and a demographic questionnaire. To test the factor similarity and score reliability across groups, we used exploratory factor analysis and calculated Cronbach’s alphas (respectively).Results:Score reliability was high for all groups. Tests of factor equivalence suggested that the four pre-established factors of the SATAQ-3 (i.e., knowledge, perceived pressure, thin-ideal internalization, athletic-ideal internalization) were similar for women of all ethnic groups. Only two items (20 and 27) did not consistently load on the previously identified scale across all four groups. When scored, African Americans reported significantly less perceived pressure and internalization than all other groups.Conclusions:Results support the use of the SATAQ-3 in female college students of these four ethnicities

Modeling Evolving Coronal Loops with Observations from STEREO, Hinode, and TRACE

The high densities, long lifetimes, and narrow emission measure distributions observed in coronal loops with apex temperatures near 1 MK are difficult to reconcile with physical models of the solar atmosphere. It has been proposed that the observed loops are actually composed of sub-resolution ``threads'' that have been heated impulsively and are cooling. We apply this heating scenario to nearly simultaneous observations of an evolving post-flare loop arcade observed with the EUVI/\textit{STEREO}, XRT/\textit{Hinode}, and \textit{TRACE} imagers and the EIS spectrometer on \textit{HINODE}. We find that it is possible to reproduce the extended loop lifetime, high electron density, and the narrow differential emission measure with a multi-thread hydrodynamic model provided that the time scale for the energy release is sufficiently short. The model, however, does not reproduce the evolution of the very high temperature emission observed with XRT. In XRT the emission appears diffuse and it may be that this discrepancy is simply due to the difficulty of isolating individual loops at these temperatures. This discrepancy may also reflect fundamental problems with our understanding of post-reconnection dynamics during the conductive cooling phase of loop evolution.Comment: Revised version submitted to ApJ in response to referee's comment

Broadcast vs Precise GPS Ephemerides: A Historical Perspective

In most recent years, both high-resolution imagery systems and images were only available to military and national security organizations. Distinctive changes within the commercial image industry allowed space-borne pioneers to provide high-resolution images. Space-borne Image Company\u27s Ikonos satellite provides a 1-meter resolution for the past 3 years. Current development of .5-meter resolution will be offered in the near future. Access of these images is available in ground stations located worldwide in different regions. Studies have shown that these high quality images are eye-catching and may serve a purpose through its design; on contrary high cost and accessibility does not met all the requirements of a nation or a region. A nation certainly cannot rely on a foreign commercial company for reconnaissance needs in times of crisis. The best frequency of coverage for a single point on earth is available once every 2.9 days on an average with high resolution. This study seeks a commercial imaging solution for regional applications. Mission requirements are set well above the existing commercial imaging systems including; continuous coverage during daylight hours, and daily re-visitation; service 5 to 25 \u27simultaneous\u27 customers in addition to competitive resolution and cost. Alternatives considered included satellites, small satellites, UAV\u27s and mixed systems. Inflatable technologies that permit higher orbit attitude and solar-powered UAV\u27s with extended on-station times are also evaluated in this study

Training Faculty for Cultural Teaching

Learning Objectives: Following the completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to: (1) Describe several potential rationales for faculty development in cultural competency; (2) Understand a model for ascertaining levels of student knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding cultural competency; (3) Plan a one-on-one teaching encounter on cultural competency using three distinct teaching methods; (4) Consider other teaching methodologies such as video vignettes, small group facilitation, role play and community immersion for cultural competency training; (5) Understand the elements of formative feedback that may be particularly relevant to this work

Sparse sampling, galaxy bias, and voids

To study the impact of sparsity and galaxy bias on void statistics, we use a single large-volume, high-resolution N-body simulation to compare voids in multiple levels of subsampled dark matter, halo populations, and mock galaxies from a Halo Occupation Distribution model tuned to different galaxy survey densities. We focus our comparison on three key observational statistics: number functions, ellipticity distributions, and radial density profiles. We use the hierarchical tree structure of voids to interpret the impacts of sampling density and galaxy bias, and theoretical and empirical functions to describe the statistics in all our sample populations. We are able to make simple adjustments to theoretical expectations to offer prescriptions for translating from analytics to the void properties measured in realistic observations. We find that sampling density has a much larger effect on void sizes than galaxy bias. At lower tracer density, small voids disappear and the remaining voids are larger, more spherical, and have slightly steeper profiles. When a proper lower mass threshold is chosen, voids in halo distributions largely mimic those found in galaxy populations, except for ellipticities, where galaxy bias leads to higher values. We use the void density profile of Hamaus et al. (2014) to show that voids follow a self-similar and universal trend, allowing simple translations between voids studied in dark matter and voids identified in galaxy surveys. We have added the mock void catalogs used in this work to the Public Cosmic Void Catalog at http://www.cosmicvoids.net.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS accepted. Minor changes from previous version. Public catalog available at http://www.cosmicvoids.ne

Distances to the high galactic latitude molecular clouds G192-67 and MBM 23-24

We report on distance determinations for two high Galactic latitude cloud complexes, G192-67 and MBM 23-24. No distance determination exists in the literature for either cloud. Thirty-four early type stars were observed towards the two clouds, more than half of which have parallaxes measured by the Hipparcos satellite. For the remaining stars we have made spectroscopic distance estimates. The data consist of high resolution echelle spectra centered on the Na I D lines, and were obtained over six nights at the Coude Feed telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. Interstellar absorption lines were detected towards some of the stars, enabling estimates of the distances to the clouds of 109 +/- 14 pc for G192-67, and of 139 +/- 33 pc for MBM 23-24. We discuss the relationship of these clouds to other ISM features such as the Local Hot Bubble and the local cavity in neutral hydrogen.Comment: 15 pages, 6 embedded figures, to be published in the ApJ Vol. 516, No.