Spatial Analysis of Land Cover Determinants of Malaria Incidence in the Ashanti Region, Ghana

Malaria belongs to the infectious diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. As a vector-borne disease malaria distribution is strongly influenced by environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between malaria risk and different land cover classes by using high-resolution multispectral Ikonos images and Poisson regression analyses. The association of malaria incidence with land cover around 12 villages in the Ashanti Region, Ghana, was assessed in 1,988 children <15 years of age. The median malaria incidence was 85.7 per 1,000 inhabitants and year (range 28.4–272.7). Swampy areas and banana/plantain production in the proximity of villages were strong predictors of a high malaria incidence. An increase of 10% of swampy area coverage in the 2 km radius around a village led to a 43% higher incidence (relative risk [RR] = 1.43, p<0.001). Each 10% increase of area with banana/plantain production around a village tripled the risk for malaria (RR = 3.25, p<0.001). An increase in forested area of 10% was associated with a 47% decrease of malaria incidence (RR = 0.53, p = 0.029)

Safety Monitoring for Second Lining Structure of Beijing Subway Line 15 First Phase' Three Segments

Ma Quan Ying Station (Xiangjiang Bei Lu Station) similar to Cui Ge Zhuang Station on Beijing Subway Line 15 set air passage for tunnel boring machine. Tunnel boring machine on right line has through air passage safety, and cannular shield have not been removed. Tunnel boring machine on left line from the air passage are 255 circuits (306 m), for the speed of tunnel boring machine is 20 similar to 30 circuits pre day, start monitoring the effect on the second lining structure during tunnel boring machine digging process. Use of advanced fiber Bragg grating sensor, and with a Si425 Bragg Grating Demodulator as a data collector, by corresponding formulas calculate the micro-strain of points on wall, to study the second lining structure status when under press during tunnel boring process. In the final 100 meters, on the 32 monitoring sites for monitoring the stress and strain. For the other tunnels provide a basis for inference