Utilization of satellite data in mesoscale models of severe weather

The impact of the diagnostic initialization of divergence on short-range precipitation forecasts produced by a model, a numerical study of a storm, collaborative modeling and diagnostic studies, and a numerical investigation of the impact of SEASAT surface wind data used in the static initialization of the North Atlantic Storm of 9-10 September 1978 are summerized

Utilization of satellite data in mesoscale modeling of severe weather

The Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) data were used to model the 36 hour cyclogenesis period over the Pacific Ocean. Various combinations of VAS data, conventional radiosonde data, and gridded data from the National Weather Service global analysis were used in successive-correction and variational objective-analysis procedures. The Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model was used to test the impact of the VAS data on a 12 hour forecast of convective precipitation in the midweastern U.S

Catecholaminergic neurons in medullary nuclei are among the post-synaptic targets of descending projections from infralimbic area 25 of the rat medial prefrontal cortex

The infralimbic (IL) 'visceromotor' area of the rat medial prefrontal cortex projects to strategic subcortical nuclei involved in autonomic functions. Central among these targets are the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM). By combining tract-tracing using the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) with immunolabeling for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; an enzyme marker of catecholaminergic neurons), a limited proportion of BDA-labeled IL axonal boutons in the NTS and rVLM was found to be closely associated with TH immunopositive (+) target structures. Such structural appositions were mainly located proximally over the labeled dendritic arbors of identified TH+ neurons. Quantitative ultrastructural examination revealed that in NTS, TH+ dendritic shafts comprised 7.0% of the overall post-synaptic target population innervated by BDA-labeled IL boutons, whereas TH+ dendritic spines represented 1.25% of targets. In rVLM, TH+ shafts represented 9.0% and TH+ spines 2.5% of IL targets. Labeled IL boutons established exclusively asymmetric Gray Type 1 (presumed excitatory) synaptic junctions. The results indicate that subpopulations of catecholaminergic neurons in the NTS and rVLM are among the spectrum of post-synaptic neurons monosynaptically innervated by descending 'excitatory' input from IL cortex. Such connectivity, albeit restricted, identifies the potential direct influence of IL cortex on the processing and distribution of cardiovascular, respiratory and related autonomic information by catecholaminergic neurons in the NTS and VLM of the rat

Utilization of VAS satellite data in the initialization of an oceanic-cyclogenesis simulation

A series of experiments was performed to test various method of incorporating Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer Atmospheric Sounder (VAS)-sounding data into the initial conditions of the Penn State University/National Center for Atmospheric mesoscale model. The VAS data for this ocean-cyclogenesis case consist of 110 irregularly distributed temperature and humidity soundings located over the North Pacific Ocean and apply at approximately 1200 GMT 10 November 1981. Various methods of utilizing VAS data in the initial condition of a mesoscale model were evaluated

Eccentric discs in binaries with intermediate mass ratios: Superhumps in the VY Sculptoris stars

We investigate the role of the eccentric disc resonance in systems with mass ratios q greater than 1/4, and demonstrate the effects that changes in the mass flux from the secondary star have upon the disc radius and structure. The addition of material with low specific angular momentum to its outer edge restricts a disc radially. Should the mass flux from the secondary be reduced, it is possible for the disc in a system with mass ratio as large as 1/3 to expand to the 3:1 eccentric inner Lindblad resonance and for superhumps to be excited.Comment: 6 pages with 7 figures, accepted by MNRA

Verification of mesoscale objective analyses of VAS and rawinsonde data using the March 1982 AVE/VAS special network data

Various combinations of VAS (Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer Atmospheric Sounder) data, conventional rawinsonde data, and gridded data from the National Weather Service's (NWS) global analysis, were used in successive-correction and variational objective-analysis procedures. Analyses are produced for 0000 GMT 7 March 1982, when the VAS sounding distribution was not greatly limited by the existence of cloud cover. The successive-correction (SC) procedure was used with VAS data alone, rawinsonde data alone, and both VAS and rawinsonde data. Variational techniques were applied in three ways. Each of these techniques was discussed

Electrical properties of oxide glasses containing iron and manganese

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Arthritis Is Developed in Borrelia-Primed And -Infected Mice Deficient of Interleukin-17

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been shown to participate in the development of Lyme arthritis in experimental mice. For example, neutralization of IL-17 with antibodies inhibits induction of arthritis in Borrelia-primed and -infected C57BL/6 wild-type mice. We hypothesized that mice lacking IL-17 would fail to develop Borrelia-induced arthritis. IL-17-deficient and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were primed with heat-inactivated Borrelia and then infected with viable spirochetes 3 weeks later. No swelling or major histopathological changes of the hind paws were detected in IL-17-deficient or wild-type mice that were primed with Borrelia or infected with viable spirochetes. By contrast, IL-17-deficient and wild-type mice that were primed and subsequently infected with heterologous Borrelia developed severe swelling and histopathological changes of the hind paws. In addition, Borrelia-primed and -infected IL-17-deficient mice exhibited elevated gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) levels in sera and increased frequencies of IFN-γ-expressing lymphocytes in popliteal lymph nodes compared to Borrelia-primed and -infected wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that IL-17 is not required for development of severe pathology in response to infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, but may contribute to disease through an interaction with IFN-γ