3,993 research outputs found
Understanding the effects of violent video games on violent crime
Psychological studies invariably find a positive relationship between violent video game play and aggression. However, these studies cannot account for either aggressive effects of alternative activities video game playing substitutes for or the possible selection of relatively violent people into playing violent video games. That is, they lack external validity. We investigate the relationship between the prevalence of violent video games and violent crimes. Our results are consistent with two opposing effects. First, they support the behavioral effects as in the psychological studies. Second, they suggest a larger voluntary incapacitation effect in which playing either violent or non-violent games decrease crimes. Overall, violent video games lead to decreases in violent crime. --Video Games,Violence,Crime
Strategic timing of entry : evidence from video games
This paper investigates how video game publishersâ choice of game release date is affected by
the expected level of competition within the gameâs product niche. We identify game niches by
genre, age-appropriateness, a four week window cohort, publisher and console system. Our
analysis is based on two different video game data sets, one based on industry sales data and
the other featuring extensive consumer usage information. We show that consumer substitution
across games is stronger within most of the dimensions describing product niches. Sales
volumes decay quickly after the opening weekend, so at any point in time, a niche will
typically be served by few current titles. Thus, publishers have incentives to avoid releasing
during periods of fierce intra-niche competition. We show that games are more likely to be
released so as to avoid weeks when their niche is relatively well served
Susceptibility and influence in social media word-of-mouth
Peer influence through word-of-mouth (WOM) plays an important role in many
information systems but identification of causal effects is challenging. We identify causal WOM
effects in the empirical setting of game adoption in a social network for gamers by exploiting
differences in individualsâ networks. Friends of friends do not directly influence a focal user, so
we use their characteristics to instrument for behavior of the focal userâs friends. We go beyond
demonstrating a large and highly significant WOM effect and also assess moderating factors of
the strength of the effect on the sender and receiver side. We find that users with the most
influence on others tend to be better gamers, have larger social networks, but spend less time
playing. Interestingly, these are also the users who are least susceptible to WOM effects
With a rebel yell: Video gamersâ responses to mass shooting moral panics
When a moral panic happens, society believes that a group of people and/or their behaviour is responsible for a threat to society â without any evidentiary basis. How does the target group respond? In the video game context, gamers may fear that their pastime will be blamed for mass shootings leading to social stigma. Group members so threatened are hypothesized to react to protect their group identity. This leads to increased engagement in the activity under threat. In contrast, disasters that do not threaten the group would not affect the amount of video game play. We test these hypotheses by relating the amount of game play to incidents of mass shootings and non-shooting disasters for a large sample of individuals (N = 170,000). Incidents of mass shootings that threaten the gamer community lead to increases in game playing while incidents of other disasters unrelated to gaming divert time away from gaming
Understanding the effects of violent video games on violent crime
Psychological studies invariably find a positive relationship between violent video game play and aggression. However, these studies cannot account for either aggressive effects of alternative activities video game playing substitutes for or the possible selection of relatively violent people into playing violent video games. That is, they lack external validity. We investigate the relationship between the prevalence of violent video games and violent crimes. Our results are consistent with two opposing effects. First, they support the behavioral effects as in the psychological studies. Second, they suggest a larger voluntary incapacitation effect in which playing either violent or non-violent games decrease crimes. Overall, violent video games lead to decreases in violent crime
Personality Characteristics and Motivational Needs of Preservice and Inservice Teachers: Implications for Practice
Integration of Attributes from Non-Linear Characterization of Cardiovascular Time-Series for Prediction of Defibrillation Outcomes
Objective
The timing of defibrillation is mostly at arbitrary intervals during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), rather than during intervals when the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOH-CA) patient is physiologically primed for successful countershock. Interruptions to CPR may negatively impact defibrillation success. Multiple defibrillations can be associated with decreased post-resuscitation myocardial function. We hypothesize that a more complete picture of the cardiovascular system can be gained through non-linear dynamics and integration of multiple physiologic measures from biomedical signals. Materials and Methods
Retrospective analysis of 153 anonymized OOH-CA patients who received at least one defibrillation for ventricular fibrillation (VF) was undertaken. A machine learning model, termed Multiple Domain Integrative (MDI) model, was developed to predict defibrillation success. We explore the rationale for non-linear dynamics and statistically validate heuristics involved in feature extraction for model development. Performance of MDI is then compared to the amplitude spectrum area (AMSA) technique. Results
358 defibrillations were evaluated (218 unsuccessful and 140 successful). Non-linear properties (Lyapunov exponent \u3e 0) of the ECG signals indicate a chaotic nature and validate the use of novel non-linear dynamic methods for feature extraction. Classification using MDI yielded ROC-AUC of 83.2% and accuracy of 78.8%, for the model built with ECG data only. Utilizing 10-fold cross-validation, at 80% specificity level, MDI (74% sensitivity) outperformed AMSA (53.6% sensitivity). At 90% specificity level, MDI had 68.4% sensitivity while AMSA had 43.3% sensitivity. Integrating available end-tidal carbon dioxide features into MDI, for the available 48 defibrillations, boosted ROC-AUC to 93.8% and accuracy to 83.3% at 80% sensitivity. Conclusion
At clinically relevant sensitivity thresholds, the MDI provides improved performance as compared to AMSA, yielding fewer unsuccessful defibrillations. Addition of partial end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) signal improves accuracy and sensitivity of the MDI prediction model
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