Design of the full hydraulic driving high frame field operation vehicle

In China, field management mechanization of corn, tobacco and sugarcane with high stalks is an important technical problem in agricultural mechanization development.  According to the characteristics of high stalk crops planted in different row spacing in the plain area of Henan province, this paper designed a full hydraulic driving field high frame operation vehicle, included power system, engine placement and M type three-wheeled high frame structure.  It also adopted a closed hydraulic system fully driven by three hydraulic motors, hydraulic power steering system and hydraulic track adjustment system.  Its maximum clearance height is 1,800 mm. Speed ranges from 0-17 km/h with the hydraulic control.  The back wheel track adjustment ranges from 2,000-2,400 mm.  It can solve the problems of the high cost price in complex transmission system of the most domestic off highroad vehicles that the track cannot be changed.  In this paper, a field high frame operation vehicle for the high stalk crop in field management operation has been provided.Keywords: high stalk crop, full hydraulic driving, three-wheeled, high traffic ability, field operation vehicl

Demethylzeylasteral (T-96) Treatment Ameliorates Mice Lupus Nephritis Accompanied by Inhibiting Activation of NF-κB Pathway.

Inflammation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis in lupus nephritis (LN), which is largely attributable to the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway. NF-κB up-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and ICAM-1, and promotes macrophage infiltration into renal tissue, further inducing the progression of LN. Over the past 30 years, research has demonstrated that Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) possesses potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, and that demethylzeylasteral (T-96), an extract of TWHF, may be one of the responsible compounds. Here, we investigate the pharmacodynamic role and therapeutic mechanism by which T-96 suppresses inflammation and reduces renal pathology in the lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice.Forty-eight MRL/lpr mice were equally randomly divided into 6 groups (1.2, 0.6 or 0.3 mg/10 g T-96, 0.022 pills/10 g kang lang chuang san (one of Traditional Chinese herb as positive control), 0.125 mg/10 g prednisone and 0.1 ml/10 g normal saline as the LN disease control group). Also, eight WT C57BL/6 mice were used as normal control. After treatment by gavage with 0.10 ml/10 g/day volumes for 8 weeks, all mice were sacrificed and renal tissues were collected. The amount of 24 h proteinuria and the levels of anti-dsDNA antibody in serum were assessed respectively at weeks 0, 4 and 8. Inflammation, cytokines and NF-κB levels were assessed by histological examinations, immunohistochemical analyses and Western blot analyses.In comparison with untreated MRL/lpr mice, mice treated with 1.2 and 0.6 mg/10 g of T-96 showed a significant improvement in 24 h proteinuria and the levels of anti-dsDNA antibody in serum. In addition, T-96 reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, COX-2 and ICAM-1, and the infiltration of macrophages in renal tissue. Moreover, T-96 significantly suppressed phosphorylations of cytoplasmic IKK and nuclear p65.This study suggests that T-96 exhibits reno-protective effects in LN accompanied by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, reducing the downstream pro-inflammatory mediators and thus restricting macrophage infiltration. Because of these potent properties, T-96 should be considered as a promising therapeutic drug for LN

T-96 treatment inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators’ release of TNF-α, COX-2 and ICAM-1.

<p>The productions of TNF-α (A), COX-2 (B) and ICAM-1 (C) in renal tissue after 8 weeks treatment were identified by immunohistochemistry staining (10 x 40). TNF-α, COX-2 and ICAM-1 were indicated respectively by arrows. (D-F) Mean density of TNF-α (D), COX-2 (E) and ICAM-1 (F) were measured by Image-Pro Plus v 6.0. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. * indicates P < 0.05, ** indicates P < 0.01, *** indicates P < 0.001.</p

Influence of FexOy and Al2O3 Contents on the Thermal Stability of Iron Ore-Waste Fibers: Key Mechanisms and Control

Traditional rock wool fibres are susceptible to crystallization and pulverization. To mitigate this, glass fibres were produced from iron ore waste (IOW). When the ratio of Fe2+ and Fe3+ is 1:3 and the Al2O3 content is 10 wt.%, increasing the FexOy content enhances the thermal stability.At an FexOy content of 17&ndash;19% and an Al2O3 content of 10&ndash;13%, the glass transition temperature (Tg) peaked. Increasing the FexOy content from 10% to 20% enhanced the stability of Si-O and Al-O bonds and increased bridged oxygen, stabilizing the structure. Here, Fe2+ balances structural charges, while Fe3+ replaces some Al atoms in the network. When the Al2O3 content is 10&ndash;13% and the FexOy content is 17&ndash;19%, the thermal stability of the IOW rock glass reaches its optimal level. At 20% FexOy content, the structure becomes three-dimensional and cyclic, increasing polymerization. Consequently, incorporating FexOy alongside a 10% Al2O3 content improves thermal stability, supporting the development of high-stability rock wool from IOW. This approach also enhances the refractory properties of rock wool fibres within the FexOy-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO-CaO system

T-96 attenuates renal lesions in MRL/lpr mice.

<p>(A-B) Kidneys were collected at week 8, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain (H&E) (A) and Periodic Acid-Schiff stain (PAS) (B) (10 x 20). (C-D) The scores of renal lesions in H&E sections (C) and the scores of pathological activity index (AI) in PAS sections (D) were semi-quantitatively measured. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. * indicates P < 0.05, ** indicates P < 0.01, *** indicates P < 0.001.</p

Effect of T-96 on inhibiting phosphorylation of IKK.

<p>(A) Cytoplasmic phosphorylated-IκB kinase (p-IKK) was measured on paraffin sections of the kidneys at week 8 by immunohistochemistry (10 x 40). (B) Mean density of cytoplasmic p-IKK was measured by Image-Pro Plus v 6.0. (C) Further analysis was to measure cytoplasmic p-IKK by Western blot. (D) The Western blot of p-IKK in the cytoplasm were subjected to semi-quantitative analysis by Image J. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. * indicates P < 0.05, ** indicates P < 0.01, *** indicates P < 0.001. Western blot were repeated > 3 times.</p

The chemical structure of demethylzeylasteral.

<p>The chemical structure of demethylzeylasteral.</p

T-96 improves 24 h proteinuria and anti-dsDNA antibody in serum of MRL/lpr mice.

<p>(A) 24 hour urinary protein was detected by Coomassie Brilliant Blue test at weeks 0, 4 and 8. (B) Anti-dsDNA antibody levels in serum were measured by ELISA at weeks 0, 4 and 8. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. * indicates P < 0.05, ** indicates P < 0.01, *** indicates P < 0.001.</p

T-96 treatment inhibits infiltration of CD68⁺ macrophages and IL23 expression.

<p>CD68⁺ macrophages (A) and IL23 expression (B) in mice renal tissue after 8 weeks treatment were assessed by immunohistochemistry staining (10 x 40). CD68 and IL23 were indicated respectively by arrows. (C) The number of CD68⁺ macrophages per mm² was measured. (D) Mean density of IL23 was measured by Image-Pro Plus v 6.0. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. * indicates P < 0.05, ** indicates P < 0.01, *** indicates P < 0.001.</p