Combined Effect of Subchondral Drilling and Hyaluronic Acid with/without Diacerein in Full-Thickness Articular Cartilage Lesion in Rabbits

The osteochondral healing potential of hyaluronic acid (HA) plus diacerein was evaluated in subchondral-drilling- (SCD-) induced fibrocartilage generation in rabbits. A full-thickness chondral defect was created along the patellar groove of both knees and then SCD was subsequently performed only in the left knee. A week later, the rabbits were allocated into 3 groups to receive weekly intra-articular (IA) injection for 5 weeks with normal saline solution (NSS) (group 1) or with HA (group 2 and group 3). Starting at the first IA injection, rabbits were also gavaged daily for 9 weeks with NSS (group 1 and group 2) or with diacerein (group 3). The animals were then sacrificed for evaluation. The newly formed tissue in SCD lesions showed significantly better histological grading scale and had higher content of type II collagen in HA-treated group compared to NSS control. In addition, adding oral diacerein to HA injection enhanced healing potential of HA

Nanopore-based complete genome sequence of a Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (Geminivirus) strain from Thailand

Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus is an emerging pathogen in Southeast Asia. Here, we report the complete genome of a Thai isolate obtained using Nanopore technology. The isolate was collected in 2019 from the northeastern province of Surin, soon after disease eradication was reported in the country

Surveillance and diagnostics of the emergent Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (Fam. Geminiviridae) in Southeast Asia

Emergent agricultural pathogens cause severe damage worldwide and their invasive potential is significantly increased by global trade, crop intensification and climate change. Standard surveillance and diagnostic protocols need to be evaluated and implemented, particularly with diseases caused by a wide range of pathogens that induce similar symptoms. Such is the case with Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) present in Africa and Asia, and associated with mixed virus infections and recombinant and re-assorted virus strains. CMD has been recently reported in Southeast Asia (SEA) and is already widely spread throughout this region. This communication offers an update on protocols and tools used to track the distribution of CMD and to characterize the pathogen associated with it in SEA

Surveillance and diagnostics dataset on Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (Fam. Geminiviridae) and CMD in Thailand

Emergent agricultural pathogens cause severe damage worldwide. Standard surveillance and diagnostic protocols need to be evaluated and implemented at regional level, particularly with diseases caused by a wide range of pathogens that can induce similar symptoms. This dataset provides a description of surveillance and diagnostics data for CMD in Thailand (2019), indicating location of the surveyed fields, presence of visual symptoms, symptom severity and PCR-diagnostic results with two primer sets, both of them targeting the CP region. All samples were collected using a standard protocol as described in the associated manuscript. More information is available upon request

Identification of GST Interacted Proteins under PRSV Infected Papaya Using Affinity Purification–mass Spectrometry

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional proteins involved in stress metabolism, which play major roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. GSTs have found in all organisms which is a major phase II detoxification enzymes found in the cytosol. GSTs regulate peroxidase and isomerase activities, they protect cells against H(2)O(2)-induced cell death. Papaya rigsport virus (PRSV) is one of main biotic agent that cause damage in papaya. The disease symptoms are mosaic, chrolosis, ring spot and stunt, all the symptoms are the early stage of cell death. The main point of this research to investigate protein interaction of the PRSV interacted plant proteins and GSTs recombinant protein using the classical Affinity-purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) approache. The GST protein was heterologous expressed in E.coli system and the pull down assay was applied to expore the protein interacted complexs after that the protein complexs were indentified by LC-MS/MS. CTC1, Protein CCA1 isoform X1, Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-like superfamily protein, PHD finger protein ALFIN-LIKE 9 and Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase-lysine N-methyltransferase proteins were identified. The interacted five proteins were predicted the protein network by STITCH program, the result show they associated with oxidative stress response mechanism. However, this is the basic intensive information that could develop to manufacture PRSV resistance variety in the future

The Effect of Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and Its Mixtures on Phenolic Profiles, Antioxidant Activities, and Inhibitions of the Key Enzymes Relevant to Alzheimer’s Disease

Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) has long been used as a food source and ingredient for traditional herbal remedies. Plant parts contain neuroprotective agents that interact with specific targets to inhibit Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Organic solvents including methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and n-butanol, are widely employed for extraction of sacred lotus but impact food safety. Seed embryo, flower stalk, stamen, old leaf, petal, and leaf stalk of sacred lotus were extracted using hot water (aqueous extraction). The extractions were analyzed for their bioactive constituents, antioxidant and anti-AD properties as key enzyme inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-secretase 1 (BACE-1). Results showed that the sacred lotus stamen exhibited significant amounts of phenolics, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, that contributed to high antioxidant activity via both single electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanisms, with anti-AChE, anti-BChE, and anti-BACE-1 activities. To enhance utilization of other sacred lotus parts, a combination of stamen, old leaf and petal as the three sacred lotus plant components with the highest phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and enzyme inhibitory properties was analyzed. Antagonist interaction was observed, possibly from flavonoids–flavonoids interaction. Further in-depth elucidation of this issue is required. Findings demonstrated that an aqueous extract of the stamen has potential for application as a functional food to mitigate the onset of Alzheimer’s disease