Strategic review of the fishery situation in Thailand

Fisheries are an important source of animal protein for most of ThailandÆs population, particularly in provinces on or near the coast. Between 1978 and 1997 the per capita consumption of fish averaged 24 kg╖capita-1 annually. In 1995, about 535 210 people were involved in the fisheries sector and 44% of these were engaged in small scale marine capture fisheries. Since 1982, Thailand has faced problems with the development of marine capture fisheries and their over-exploitation which has increased fishery conflicts and disputes with neighboring countries. The Gulf of Thailand is the major fishing area of Thailand and in 1996, it contributed approximately 70% of the total marine catch in the country. The catch in the Gulf consisted of pelagic fish (33%), trash fish (32%), demersal fish (12%), squid and cuttlefish (6%), shrimps (5%), crabs (2%) and other fish (10%). However, demersal fish and some pelagic fish in the Gulf of Thailand have been over-exploited. This is due to a combination of factors including; increasing human population, increased pressure from Thai trawlers which have lost access to foreign fishing grounds after neighboring countries declared EEZs, development in fish processing techniques and increasing demand from animal feed producers that utilize trash fish. This paper provides a broad view of the fisheries situation in Thailand, focused mainly on the Gulf of Thailand. It covers aspects of the environment, the status of resources available, the socioeconomic situation, the existing framework for management and development, and also makes recommendations for government action to develop sustainable fisheries management. The main objectives proposed for improving fishery management are: (1) promote fishersÆ and fisher organizationsÆ participation in fishery development; (2) optimize fishery resources and their environment so as to be sustainable and equitable; (3) increase fishery products and stabilize fishersÆ and processorsÆ incomes; (4) progressively develop deep sea fisheries; (5) improve export competitiveness.Fishery resources, Catch/effort, Population characteristics, Coastal fisheries, Marine fisheries, Ecosystems, Economic benefits, Fishery industry, Capture fishery economics, Fish consumption, Fishery policy, Legislation, Fishery management, Demersal fisheries, Pelagic fisheries, Cephalopod fisheries, Socioeconomic aspects, Surveys, Marketing, Fishery organizations, Fishing gear, Cephalopod fisheries, Trade, ISEW, Thailand,

In vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of a standardized Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf extract in comparison with its major active constituent rhinacanthin-C

Rhinacanthus nasutus (R. nasutus) leaf extract was prepared and standardized to obtain rhinacanthins rich extract that contained total rhinacanthin-C (Rn-C) of not less than 70% w/w. Rn-C was also isolated from the standardized R. nasutus leaf extract (SRLE). SRLE was investigated on pain and inflammatory models in parallel with its main naphthoquinone constituent, Rn-C in order to compare their efficacy in experimental animals. The analgesic activities of SRLE and Rn-C were evaluated by the acetic acid-induced writhing test, a hot-plate test and formalin test at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by carrageenan induced paw edema and the cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats at doses of 80, 160, and 320 mg/kg. SRLE and Rn-C inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing in a dose dependent manner; inhibited the early phase of the formalin test at 80 mg/kg and the late phase at 40 and 80 mg/kg. However, none of the tested doses were effective in protecting against the hot plate test. In the animal models of inflammation, SRLE and Rn-C dose dependently inhibited edema formation in the carrageenan induced paw edema and suppressed granuloma formation in the cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats. The effects of SRLE in these tests were similar to those of the Rn-C. This study confirms the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of SRLE and Rn-C in animal models as well as demonstrating that they have a similar efficacy

Determining on insecticide efficacy for controlling rice black bug, Scotinophara coarctata (Fabricious)

Efficacy tests of insecticides for controlling the RBB were determined in both of laboratory and paddy field in 2008. Results showed that the application rate of 40 milliliters per 20 liters of water of ethiprole (Curbix 10 percent SC) and 6 grams per 20 liters of water of clothianidin (Dantosu 16 percent WG) were most effective under lower than economic threshold of RBB densities condition. Means of insect densities obtained from those two spray treatments were not significantly different from the recommendedcarbosulfan (Posse 20 percent EC) at the rate of 80 milliliters per 20 liters of water with percentage of the efficacy of 53.5 and 51.5 percent and were higher than those of recommended one (44.7 percent). In the other hand, efficacy of dinotefuran (Starkle 10 percent WP) with application rate of 10 grams per 20 liters of water and thiamithoxam (Actara 25 percent WG) at the rate of 2 grams per 20 liters of water were 36.0 and 25.3 percent respectively and indicated of less effective than the recommended insecticide.Summaries (En, Th)6 ill., 4 tablesการทดสอบประสิทธิภาพของสารในการป้องกันกำจัดแมลงหล่าในสภาพห้องปฏิบัติการโดยใช้เครื่อง revolving table และในสภาพนาข้าวของเกษตรกร อำเภอนครหลวง จังหวัดพระนครศรีอยุธยา ฤดูนาปี 2551 ให้ผลสอดคล้องกันว่าภายใต้สภาพที่ประชากรแมลงหล่าในนาข้าวมีจำนวนต่ำกว่าระดับเศรษฐกิจ สาร ethiprole (Curbix 10 เปอร์เซ็นต์ SC) อัตรา 40 มิลลิลิตรต่อน้ำ 20 ลิตร และสาร clothianidin (Dantosu 16 เปอร์เซ็นต์ SG) อัตรา 6 กรัมต่อน้ำ 20 ลิตร มีประสิทธิภาพสูงในการป้องกันกำจัดแมลงหล่า โดยมีค่าประสิทธิภาพในการป้องกันกำจัดเท่ากับ 53.5 และ 51.5 เปอร์เซ็นต์ และสูงกว่าประสิทธิภาพของสารแนะนำป้องกันกำจัดแมลงหล่า carbosulfan (Posse 20 เปอร์เซ็นต์ EC) อัตรา 80 มิลลิลิตรต่อน้ำ 20 ลิตร ซึ่งมีค่าเท่ากับ 44.7 เปอร์เซ็นต์ ส่วนสาร dinotefuran (Starkle 10 เปอร์เซ็นต์ WP) อัตรา 10 กรัมต่อน้ำ 20 ลิตร และสาร thiamithoxam (Actara 25 เปอร์เซ็นต์ WG) อัตรา 2 กรัมต่อน้ำ 20 ลิตร มีประสิทธิภาพในการป้องกันกำจัดแมลงหล่าต่ำกว่าสารแนะนำป้องกันกำจัด แมลงหล่า carbosulfan (Posse 20 เปอร์เซ็นต์ EC) โดยค่าประสิทธิภาพในการป้องกันกำจัดเท่ากับ 36.0 และ 25.3 เปอร์เซ็นต

Antinociceptive activity of the alkaloid extract from Kopsia macrophylla leaves in mice

The effects of the alkaloid extract from the leaves of Kopsia macrophylla Hk. f. K. (K. macrophylla) on nociceptive response using writhing, hot plate and formalin test and the antipyretic activity in yeast-induced fever in mice, were examined. General behavior was also examined using pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice. The LD50 value of intraperitoneally injected K. macrophylla extract in mice was 318.46 mg/kg. Oral administration of K. macrophylla extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg significantly decreased the number of contortions and stretchings induced by acetic acid and licking activity of the late phase in the formalin test but not in the heat-induced pain in mice. The K. macrophylla extract (100-400 mg/kg, p.o.) had no effect on fever induced by yeast in mice. The alkaloid extract of K. macrophylla prolonged the duration of pentobarbitalinduced sleep in mice. These results suggest that the alkaloid extract of K. macrophylla possesses analgesic action via peripheral pathway but no antipyretic activity

Highly Porous Renewable Carbons for Enhanced Storage of Energy-Related Gases (H2 and CO2) at High Pressures

Hydrochar, i.e., hydrothermally carbonized biomass, is generating great interest as a precursor for the synthesis of advanced carbon materials owing to economical, sustainability, and availability issues. Hereby, its versatility to produce adsorbents with a porosity adjusted to the targeted application, i.e., low or high pressure gas adsorption applications, is shown. Such tailoring of the porosity is achieved through the addition of melamine to the mixture hydrochar/KOH used in the activation process. Thereby, high surface area carbons (>3200 m2 g–1) with a bimodal porosity in the micromesopore range are obtained, whereas conventional KOH chemical activation leads to microporous materials (surface area <3100 m2 g–1). The micromesoporous materials thus synthesized show enhanced ability to store both H2 and CO2 at high pressure (≥20 bar). Indeed, the uptake capacities recorded at 20 bar, ca. 7 wt % H2 (−196 °C) and 19–21 mmol CO2 g–1 (25 °C) are among the highest ever reported for porous materials. Furthermore, the micromesoporous sorbents are far from saturation at 20 bar and achieve much higher CO2 uptake at 40 bar (up to 31 mmol of CO2 g–1; 25 °C) compared to 23 mmol of CO2 g–1 for the microporous materials. In addition, the micromesoporous materials show enhanced working capacities since the abundant mesoporosity ensures higher capture at high uptake pressure and the retention of lower amounts of adsorbed gas at the regeneration pressure used in PSA systems.This research work was supported by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO (MAT2012-31651), and by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). M. S. thanks the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación for her Ramón y Cajal contract. We thank the Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya (RMUTSV), Thailand for funding and a studentship for WS, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for funding a PhD studentship for NB.Peer reviewe

Development of a Non-formal Learning Model to Enhance Emotional and Moral Quotients of Registered Nurses

In this research, the purpose is to develop a non-formal learning model to enhance emotional and moral quotients of registered nurses. Research Framework based on the Transformative Learning Theory that through transforms meaning schemes of experience’s learners to positive perspective frame of references based on Neo-Humanist Concept. The four objectives are to analyze learning situation and learning needs of registered nurses to enhance emotional and moral quotients, develop a non-formal learning model, deploy an implementation of the model and analyze the success factors of the model.The research methodology composes of four phases : 1) survey of learning situation and learning needs of registered nurses; 2) developing a non-formal learning model to enhance emotional and moral quotients that consists of 6 components within 8 steps of learning cycle and interviewing nursing experts to valid and suggest the actual model before implementation; 3) try out the learning model experimental and evaluation is used to pre-test and post-test scores design in 3 assessments of content of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour about emotional and moral quotients in t-test statistics; 4) analysing the success factors of the model. This research advantages are academic field to setting development strategies for enhancing emotional and moral quotients of registered nurses to happy of work lives; make satisfaction clients; executive of agencies can lead the model to using in organization. Finally, researcher expects that the findings could contribute a great deal to development of nursing profession

The applications and alternative approach of accessibility measurement by the public transport network integration based on urban rail transit

佐賀大学博士(工学)学位論文(Thesis)doctoral thesi

The Relationship between Division Heads’ Leadership Styles and Teacher Satisfaction at Siam Commercial College of Technology

This study aimed to bridge the gap between the minimal literatures in regards leadership styles and job satisfaction. To guide this study, the following two research questions were formulated: (1) what is the relationship between division heads’ leadership style and teacher satisfaction at Siam Commercial College of Technology? (2) what are the influence of each component of division heads’ leadership on teacher job satisfaction? This study included 166 subordinates at Siam Commercial College of Technology. Using a quantitative approach, the participants were asked to answer questions about their division heads’ using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and their job satisfaction using the Job Satisfaction Survey. The results from both of these surveys were computed into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software for analysis. Using descriptive analysis to find the means and Pearson correlation coefficient to find the correlation a relationship was found small relationship was found between perception of division heads’ leadership style and teacher job satisfaction; r=.375 for transformational and r=.249 for transactional. These two correlations with job satisfaction both fall under the category of “weak” therefore the researcher determined that there was a slight relationship with perception of division heads’ leadership styles and job satisfaction at Siam Commercial College of Technology. In addition a breakdown of all facets of leadership and job satisfaction were analyzed. The finding showed that subordinates perceived their division heads’ to have a mixture of both transformational and transactional leadership with the subordinates showing a mid-range of job satisfaction. All facets of transformational leadership showed a greater correlation to job satisfaction than to half of the facets within transactional leadership (management by exception (passive) and Laissez-faire)

The Comparison of Virtue on Responsibility, Discipline of Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Students with Different Child-rearing Styles

This research aimed to study the comparison of virtue on responsibility, discipline of  Rajamangala University of Technology Isan students with different child-rearing styles. The study was selected by using Purposive Sampling 50 students in Rajamangala University of Technology Isan. The researcher was analyzed by using the used of the percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results of this research were as follows :  1) The students classified according to parenting practices showed as a whole virtue with responsibility and discipline at a higher level. 2) The  students with different parenting practices showed virtue with responsibility and  discipline differently at the .05 level of significance, in which the students with democratic rearing style showed higher virtue than those with strict discipline rearing style and the students with strict discipline rearing style showed higher virtue than those with rejection rearing style at the .05 level of significance.  In summary, this research showed that the students with child rearing practices with impacted on virtue. Therefore, family, university should be participatory and developed the virtue on responsibility and discipline of the students. Keyword: responsibility, discipline, child-rearing style