Washington\u27s Judicial Invalidation of Unambiguous Exclusion Clauses in Multiple Causation Insurance Cases

The Washington Supreme Court has restricted the use of unambiguous exclusion clauses that limit homeowners\u27 insurance coverage in multiple causation cases. This Comment discusses the court\u27s proximate cause analysis, judicial treatment of policy exclusions, and the insured\u27s expectations of coverage. The Comment argues that the Washington approach to multiple causation cases should be narrowly construed in Washington and rejected in other jurisdictions, because its consequences may harm insurers and insureds alike

Genetische Determinanten des Homocystein- und Folatstoffwechsels

Homocysteine, folate, DHPLC, polymorphism, atherosclerosisMagdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2006von Stephan Wan

Le Théier en Chine et les Thés de Chine.

Wans Lientsong. Le Théier en Chine et les Thés de Chine. In: Revue internationale de botanique appliquée et d'agriculture tropicale, 26ᵉ année, bulletin n°287-288, Septembre-octobre 1946. pp. 512-517

Three essays on material weakness disclosures, restatement announcements, and auditor's litigation risk

The first essay examines the information content of material weakness (MW) disclosures conditional on previously announced financial restatements. I distinguish between MW disclosures that primarily serve as an advance warning of potential misstatements and MWs that are disclosed concurrent with, or after, a restatement announcement. I find that the market reaction to MW disclosures following restatements is significantly lower than the reaction to early MW disclosures, consistent with the idea that the informational value of the late MW disclosures was communicated via the restatement news. To emphasize the importance of distinguishing between MW-related restatements and other MWs, I also examine managerial turnover following MW disclosures, showing that after controlling for concurrent and preceding restatements, the impact of MW disclosures on turnover– shown in prior literature - is greatly reduced. The second paper examines the market reaction to restatement announcements by studying the combined effects of restatements and prior MW disclosures. I hypothesize that restatement announcements following a MW should elicit less negative market reaction compared to unwarned restatements. I develop a sample of firms whose restatements were preceded by a MW related to the restatement and/or disclosed in one of the prior four quarters preceding the restatement. I show that firms which announce a restatement following a MW disclosure experience significantly more negative returns than do firms whose restatements were not preceded by a MW. Further analyses show that firms which make the bad news warnings are in high-litigious industries and have more adverse future operating performance than firms which do not issue warnings. The third essay examines the impact of auditors’ litigation risk on auditors’ reporting decisions and audit fees using a novel approach developed in prior literature. I find that auditors facing high litigation risk are more likely to issue a going concern report and an adverse internal control opinion and to charge higher audit fees. Overall, the results suggest that auditors’ incentives to report conservatively to their clients are positively associated with auditors’ litigation exposure.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Nader Refat Reiad Wan

Visualization for the Mind’s Eye

Software visualization has been almost exclusively tackled from the visual point of view; this means visualization occurs exclusively through the visual channel. This approach has its limitations. Considering previous work for blind people we propose that complementing usual approaches with those techniques used to develop interfaces for non-sighted people can enhance user awareness of logical structures or data types using different perception chan-nels. To achieve better comprehension, we deal with new or augmented inter-faces built on top of standard systems for data visualization and algorithm ani-mation. The notion of specific concept keyboards is introduced. As a conse-quence, modern information and learning systems can be designed in such a way that not only sighted but also blind users can navigate within these sys-tems. 1 Value and Problems of Software Visualization Software visualization deals with the animation of algorithms, including numerical, geometric, graphic, and graph algorithms, as well as the visualization of data struc