Reduced Implication-bias Logic Loss for Neuro-Symbolic Learning

Integrating logical reasoning and machine learning by approximating logical inference with differentiable operators is a widely used technique in Neuro-Symbolic systems. However, some differentiable operators could bring a significant bias during backpropagation and degrade the performance of Neuro-Symbolic learning. In this paper, we reveal that this bias, named \textit{Implication Bias} is common in loss functions derived from fuzzy logic operators. Furthermore, we propose a simple yet effective method to transform the biased loss functions into \textit{Reduced Implication-bias Logic Loss (RILL)} to address the above problem. Empirical study shows that RILL can achieve significant improvements compared with the biased logic loss functions, especially when the knowledge base is incomplete, and keeps more robust than the compared methods when labelled data is insufficient.Comment: ACML'2023 Journal Track(Accepted by Machine Learning Journal

Status of professional mental health help-seeking intention associated factors among medical students: a cross-sectional study in China

Aim: Low professional help-seeking intention (PHSI) hinders effective treatment of mental illness. PHSI among Chinese students is still understudied and under-recognized. This study aimed to evaluate the status of PHSI and its associated risk factors among Chinese medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Hainan province, South China, between January 1, 2021, and May 31, 2021. A total of 2182 medical students were recruited and surveyed via an anonymous structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with PHSI. Results: Among the 2182 medical students (mean age 21.0 years (SD = 3.70), 61.5% females), those with and without PHSI were 72.0% and 28.0%, and 16.4% with moderate to severe depression. Male students, those with a high level of depression stigma, serious family dysfunction, and heavy dependence on mobile phones were significantly less likely to seek professional mental health help, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.5, 2.0, 2.1, and 1.7, respectively. Conclusion: A significant proportion of Chinese medical students demonstrate low PHSI, influenced by factors such as gender, depression stigma, family dysfunction, and mobile phone dependence. Future interventions aimed at increasing medical students’ PHSI should prioritize reducing depression stigma, mitigating reliance on mobile phone use, and enhancing family function to address these key barriers to seeking professional mental health support

Energy consumption-economic growth relationship and carbon dioxide emissions in China

This paper applies the panel unit root, heterogeneous panel cointegration and panel-based dynamic OLS to re-investigate the co-movement and relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for 30 provinces in mainland China from 1985 to 2007. The empirical results show that there is a positive long-run cointegrated relationship between real GDP per capita and energy consumption variables. Furthermore, we investigate two cross-regional groups, namely the east China and west China groups, and get more important results and implications. In the long-term, a 1% increase in real GDP per capita increases the consumption of energy by approximately 0.48-0.50% and accordingly increases the carbon dioxide emissions by about 0.41-0.43% in China. The economic growth in east China is energy-dependent to a great extent, and the income elasticity of energy consumption in east China is over 2 times that of the west China. At present, China is subject to tremendous pressures for mitigating climate change issues. It is possible that the GDP per capita elasticity of carbon dioxide emissions would be controlled in a range from 0.2 to 0.3 by the great effort.Energy consumption Economic growth Carbon dioxide emissions

The electrocaloric effect of Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-based solid solution withthe composition around the morphotropic phase boundary

Recently,the electrocaloric effect of ferroelectric materials has attracted much attention at home and abroad due to its potential applications in solid-state refrigeration.In this paper,based on Maxwell relations,we study the electrocaloric effect of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based lead-free ferroelectric quasi-solid solution with the composition focusing around the morphotropic phase boundary.The results show that the system has excellent refrigeration characteristics under external electric field of 5 kV/mm and the amount of change in temperature reaches 1.15 K.The corresponding refrigeration strength reaches 0.23 K·mm/kV,showing the prospect of applications in new environmental-friendly solid-state cooling devices

Energy consumption-economic growth relationship and carbon dioxide emissions in China

State Basic Science and Technology Key Project of China [2007FY110300]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40671062]; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; China Meteorological Administration Research Project on Climate Change ; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesThis paper applies the panel unit root, heterogeneous panel cointegration and panel-based dynamic OLS to re-investigate the co-movement and relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for 30 provinces in mainland China from 1985 to 2007. The empirical results show that there is a positive long-run cointegrated relationship between real GDP per capita and energy consumption variables. Furthermore, we investigate two cross-regional groups, namely the east China and west China groups, and get more important results and implications. In the long-term, a 1% increase in real GDP per capita increases the consumption of energy by approximately 0.48-0.50% and accordingly increases the carbon dioxide emissions by about 0.41-0.43% in China. The economic growth in east China is energy-dependent to a great extent, and the income elasticity of energy consumption in east China is over 2 times that of the west China. At present, China is subject to tremendous pressures for mitigating climate change issues. It is possible that the GDP per capita elasticity of carbon dioxide emissions would be controlled in a range from 0.2 to 0.3 by the great effort. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

A Comparative Study on the Biological Characteristics of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Lipectomy and Liposuction - Fig 13

<p><b>The LDH levels of ADSCs treated with different concertations of lidocaine (A) and adrenaline (B)</b> (n = 3, * p<0.05).</p

Cell viability of ADSCs from lipectomy and liposuction detected by Trypan blue staining (n = 3, * p<0.05).

<p>Cell viability of ADSCs from lipectomy and liposuction detected by Trypan blue staining (n = 3, * p<0.05).</p

The proliferation of ADSCs from lipectomy and liposuction detected by CCK-8 assay (n = 4, * p<0.05).

<p>The proliferation of ADSCs from lipectomy and liposuction detected by CCK-8 assay (n = 4, * p<0.05).</p

The paracrine secretion of ADSCs measured by ELISA.

<p>VEGF (A), IL-6 (B), IL-8 (C), and HGF (D) expression, when ADSCs were treated with different concertations of insulin and TGF-α(n = 3, p>0.05).</p