Total medical cost and pneumonia-related cost in patients with COPD and pneumonia receiving fluoroquinolones and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors.

<p>^aAll costs were calculated in US dollars.</p><p>Total medical cost and pneumonia-related cost in patients with COPD and pneumonia receiving fluoroquinolones and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors.</p

Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to pneumonia/empyema-related hospitalization/ emergency department (ED) visits based on receipt of fluoroquinolones and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors in the matched cohorts.

<p>Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to pneumonia/empyema-related hospitalization/ emergency department (ED) visits based on receipt of fluoroquinolones and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors in the matched cohorts.</p

Demographics and clinical characteristics of episodes treated with fluoroquinolones and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors in unadjusted cohort and matched cohort.

<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; ED, emergency department; SD, standard deviation.</p><p>^aOther respiratory diseases included dysplasia of lung, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, pneumothorax, pulmonary congestion, empyema, and lung abscess.</p><p>^bRespiratory diseases included pneumonia and asthma.</p><p>Demographics and clinical characteristics of episodes treated with fluoroquinolones and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors in unadjusted cohort and matched cohort.</p

Tuberculosis in Healthcare Workers: A Matched Cohort Study in Taiwan

<div><p>Background</p><p>Proportional mortality ratio data indicate that healthcare workers (HCWs) have an elevated tuberculosis (TB) mortality. Whether this is caused by an increased TB incidence, a worse TB treatment outcome, or a combination of effects, remains unclear. To elucidate the hazard components of occupational TB, we assessed TB incidence and TB treatment outcome among HCWs in Taiwan.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We compared the incidence of active TB among HCWs at a major medical center in Taiwan with that of Taiwan general population in 2004–2012. We also compared the TB treatment outcome of HCWs with that of age/sex-matched non-HCW patients treated at the same hospital, as well as that of nationally registered TB patients.</p><p>Results</p><p>The standardized TB incidence ratio of the HCWs was 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–2.9), compared with the general population. HCWs with pulmonary TB (n = 30) were less likely to have underlying diseases, delay in diagnosis, delay in treatment, or side effects of treatment, compared with age/sex-matched non-HCW TB patients (n = 120) (all Ps<0.05). The TB treatment outcome of HCWs was significantly better than that of non-HCW patients (TB-related mortality: 0.0% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.008, Mantel-Haenszel test). The standardized TB-related mortality rate was 1.08% [95% CI: 0.96% - 1.20%] for all of the nationally registered TB patients in Taiwan.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>HCWs are at increased risk of active TB, compared with general population. To mitigate this occupational hazard, more efforts need to be directed towards the prevention of nosocomial TB transmission. Healthy worker effect, more rapid diagnosis, and less delay in treatment contribute to a lower TB-related mortality in HCWs.</p></div

Summary of the recruitment process.

<p>Summary of the recruitment process.</p

The clinical course of four hepatitis B surface antigen negative AML patients who experienced hepatitis B reactivations despite lack of evidence of chronic HBV carriage.

<p>NA: not available</p><p>HSCT: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</p><p>The clinical course of four hepatitis B surface antigen negative AML patients who experienced hepatitis B reactivations despite lack of evidence of chronic HBV carriage.</p

Risk factors for hepatitis B reactivation in the subgroup of AML patients with positive HBsAg (n = 57).

<p>HSCT: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, NA: not available</p><p>Risk factors for hepatitis B reactivation in the subgroup of AML patients with positive HBsAg (n = 57).</p

Clinical characteristics of 490 acute myeloid leukemia patients with positive and negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).

<p>*HSCT: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation;</p><p>**MDS: Myelodysplastic syndrome</p><p>***Cytogenetics: Good risk includes t(8;21), t(15;17), inv(16); high risk includes complex chromosomal changes(more than 3), del(5) / monosomy 5, del (7) /monosomy7, 11q23; Intermediate risk includes normal karyotype and others simple chromosomal change; unknown: 6 no mitosis, 2 not done.</p><p>Clinical characteristics of 490 acute myeloid leukemia patients with positive and negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).</p