1,118 research outputs found
Star 5-edge-colorings of subcubic multigraphs
The star chromatic index of a multigraph , denoted , is the
minimum number of colors needed to properly color the edges of such that no
path or cycle of length four is bi-colored. A multigraph is star
-edge-colorable if . Dvo\v{r}\'ak, Mohar and \v{S}\'amal
[Star chromatic index, J Graph Theory 72 (2013), 313--326] proved that every
subcubic multigraph is star -edge-colorable, and conjectured that every
subcubic multigraph should be star -edge-colorable. Kerdjoudj, Kostochka and
Raspaud considered the list version of this problem for simple graphs and
proved that every subcubic graph with maximum average degree less than is
star list--edge-colorable. It is known that a graph with maximum average
degree is not necessarily star -edge-colorable. In this paper, we
prove that every subcubic multigraph with maximum average degree less than
is star -edge-colorable.Comment: to appear in Discrete Mathematics. arXiv admin note: text overlap
with arXiv:1701.0410
Clinical investigation on angle-closure glaucoma patients with cataract treated by phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy
AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation combined with trabeculectomy in patients with cataract and angle-closure glaucoma.<p>METHODS: In 36 cases(46 eyes)of angle-closure glaucoma with cataract, phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation combined with trabeculectomy was performed. Data of pre- and post-operation, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, filtering bleb, anterior chamber depth, chamber angle, and funds were all recorded and analyzed in detail.<p>RESULTS: During the follow-up of 3 months to 2 years,visual acuity of 43 eyes(93.5%)got improved, and intraocular pressure in 44 eyes(95.7%)were controlled in normal range(<21mmHg). Mean anterior chamber depth of 35 patients(46 eyes)got deeper from 2.1mm to 3.8mm(average 2.1±0.3mm to 3.8±0.4mm)after operation, with chamber angle opened to some extent. Six eyes(13.0%)got mild to moderate corneal edema, without corneal endothelial decompensation.<p>CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation combined with trabeculectomy is an effective and safe surgical technique for patients with angle-closure glaucoma and cataract, with satisfied control of intraocular pressure, deepening of anterior chamber, opening of anterior chamber angle, and improving visual function
Optical appearance of Einstein-{\AE}ther black hole surrounded by thin disk
In Einstein-{\AE}ther theory, the Lorentz symmetry is locally broken in the
high-energy regime due to the presence of the{\AE}ther field. This shall leave
significant imprint on astronomical observation. In this paper, we investigate
the optical appearance of two types of the static and spherically symmetric
black holes in Einstein-{\AE}ther theory. Via Euler-Lagrange equation, we
obtain the equations of motion of the photon and calculate the total deflection
angle of the photon trajectory around the black hole. By classifying the light
rays with the total number of orbits, we study the effects of coupling
constants on the direct image, lensing ring, and photon ring. The features of
the light trajectories are also investigated by comparing with the
Einstein-{\AE}ther theory and general relativity. Moreover, we also show the
explicit optical appearance of black holes surrounded by thin disk emissions
with three characteristic emitted models. The results indicate that the direct
image gives the main contribution to the total flux, and the lensing ring just
gives a very small contribution, whereas the role of the photon ring is
negligible. The optical appearances are also found to significantly rely on
these coupling constants.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figure
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Ceiling-fan-integrated air conditioning: Airflow and temperature characteristics of a sidewall-supply jet interacting with a ceiling fan
Ceiling-Fan-Integrated Air Conditioning (CFIAC) is a proposed system that can greatly increase buildings’ cooling efficiency. In it, terminal supply ducts and diffusers are replaced by vents/nozzles, jetting supply air toward ceiling fans that serve to mix and distribute it within the room. Because of the fans’ air movement, the system provides comfort at higher room temperatures than in conventional commercial/ institutional/retail HVAC. We have experimentally evaluated CFIAC in a test room. This paper covers the distributions of air-speed, temperature, and calculated comfort level throughout the room. Two subsequent papers report tests of human subject comfort and ventilation effectiveness in the same experimental conditions. The room’s supply air emerged from a high-sidewall vent directed toward a ceiling fan on the jet centerline; we also tested this same jet on a fan located off to the side of the jet. Primary variables are: ceiling fan flow volumes in downward and upward directions, supply air volume, and room-vs-supply temperature difference. Velocity, turbulence, and temperature distributions are presented for vertical and horizontal transects of the room. The occupied zone is then evaluated for velocity and temperature non-uniformity, and for comfort as predicted by the ASHRAE Standard 55 elevated air speed method. We show that temperatures are well-mixed and uniform across the room for all of the fan-on configurations, for fans both within or out of the supply jet centerline. The ceiling fan flow dominates the CFIAC airflow, and even though non-uniform is capable of providing comfortable conditions throughout the occupied area of the room
Floquet Weyl semimetal phases in light-irradiated higher-order topological Dirac semimetals
Floquet engineering, the concept of tailoring a system by a periodic drive,
is increasingly exploited to design and manipulate topological phases of
matter. In this work, we study periodically driven higher-order topological
Dirac semimetals associated with a -dependent quantized quadrupole moment by
applying circularly polarized light. The undriven Dirac semimetals feature
gapless higher-order hinge Fermi arc states which are the consequence of the
higher-order topology of the Dirac nodes. Floquet Weyl semimetal phases with
hybrid-order topology, characterized by both a -dependent quantized
quadrupole moment and a -dependent Chern number, emerge when illumining
circularly polarized light. Such Floquet Weyl semimetals support both hinge
Fermi arc states and topological surface Fermi arc states. In addition, Floquet
Weyl semimetals with tilted Weyl cones in higher-order topological Dirac
semimetals are also discussed. Considering numerous higher-order topological
Dirac semimetal materials were recently proposed, our findings can be testable
soon.Comment: Accepted for publication as a Letter in Phys. Rev.
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A Novel Aptamer LL4A Specifically Targets Vemurafenib-Resistant Melanoma through Binding to the CD63 Protein.
Melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis, and half of all melanoma patients harbor BRAF mutations. A BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib (PLX4032), has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) to treat advanced melanoma patients with BRAFV600E mutation. However, the efficacy of vemurafenib is impeded by adaptive resistance in almost all patients. In this study, using a cell-based SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) strategy, we obtained a DNA aptamer (named LL4) with high affinity and specificity against vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells. Optimized truncated form (LL4A) specifically binds to vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range and with excellent stability and low toxicity. Meanwhile, fluorescence imaging confirmed that LL4A significantly accumulated in tumors formed by vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells, but not in control tumors formed by their corresponding parental cells in vivo. Further, a transmembrane protein CD63 was identified as the binding target of aptamer LL4A using a pull-down assay combined with the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. CD63 formed a supramolecular complex with TIMP1 and β1-integrin, activated the nuclear factor кB (NF-кB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and contributed to vemurafenib resistance. Potentially, the aptamer LL4A may be used diagnostically and therapeutically in humans to treat targeted vemurafenib-resistant melanoma
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