Evaluation of environmental purification service for Urban Green Space in Nanjing

Urban environmental pollution intensifies with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization. Urban green space plays an important role in improving the quality of urban environment. Statistical reports from 2002 to 2013 were analysed to estimate the environmental purification value of urban green space in Nanjing by using the production cost method and substituted expenses method. Results showed that the environmental purification value of urban green space from 2002 to 2013 increased from 0.212 billion to 0.354 billion RMB, showing an increase of 0.142 billion RMB and an annual average growth rate of 14% in the past 12 years. Carbon fixation and oxygen release of urban green space ecosystems are transferable in regional space; hence, these services can be performed by the natural ecosystems beyond the city. However, harmful gas absorption, dust detention and noise reduction of urban green space is not transferable in space and thus must be performed by the urban ecosystem. Therefore, aside from innovating technologies for pollution-reducing and pollution-controlling, increasing green space coverage, optimizing green plant distribution structure, and enhancing urban green space management must be executed to improve the urban ecological environment

Control Threshold of Soybean Aphids

Relationship between aphid density during flowering season and soybean yield was surveyed in 1998-1990. Based on the 3-year study, we proposed the control thresholds of soybean aphids for different levels of soybean yield.Originating text in Chinese.Citation: Lin, Cunluan, Xun, Zhenshan, Li, Lingtang, Wang, Yanpeng, Zhang, Guangxin. (1992). Control Threshold of Soybean Aphids. Soybean Science, 11(4), 318-321

The Dynamics Mechanism of Vulnerability for Resource-based Enterprise Communities in China

This paper has analyzed the dynamics mechanism of resource enterprisescommunity vulnerability, selected the key factor of resources to establisha nonlinear dynamical model. The model reveals the constrained relationship between the number of vulnerable enterprises and resource shortagerate, and the same relationship between t vulnerable enterprise numbersand the owning rate of resource market by the biggest enterprise in resource-type enterprises community of China. The results showed that, theshortage rate of resources take up more percentage than the occupancy ofresource rate of the strongest enterprises in Enterprise community whenD>q. the characteristics and patterns of the Chinese enterprise evolutionare as follows, (1) The strongest enterprises n1 will decline or transformin the enterprise community. (2) The enterprises which survived after theshortage of resources will go through three stages: ① resistance stage;② recovery stage; ③ stable stage. We believe that there are three movements that can make sure the resource-based enterprises community keepgrowing continuously in the competitive market for resources, (1) understand the enterprise resources shortage rate and the strongest enterprisesshare in resource rate in enterprise community, (2) follow the even-oddsymmetry or odd-even symmetry laws based on the familiarity of a resource economy, (3) put the enterprises in the suitable position

An Inquiry into the Application and Preparation of Surfactant in Oil Field

As a commonly used chemical agent, surfactant is used to improve the efficiency of oil-and-gas exploitation. Since the conventional surfactant technology fails to meet the requirements of oil-and-gas resources exploitation currently, this paper deeply researches on the studies of cutting-edge technology of oil-and-gas exploitation, and learns the advanced experience from foreign countries. It aims to point out that the needs of China’s demand for oil-and-gas exploitation can be met with through technology innovation, preparation methods improvement and key technology mastery of surfactant in oil field

Effects of Aphid Population on the Major Economic Parameters of Soybean

During the growing period of soybeans, aphids are harmful to several economic parameters of soybean. The aphid population density has a significant positive correlation with the rate of soybean shriveling and significant negative correlation with the 100-kernel weight and individual kernel weight of soybean.Originating text in Chinese.Citation: Lin, Cunluan, Li, Lingtang, Wang, Yanpeng, Xun, Zhenshan, Zhang, Guangxin, Li, Suzhen. (1993). Effects of Aphid Population on the Major Economic Parameters of Soybean. Soybean Science, 12(3), 252-254

Studies on the Population Dynamics and Control Stage of Soybean Aphid in Jining, China

Soybean aphids were widespread and caused serious harm in the Jining area in recent years. About 800 aphids were found on a single soybean plant at peak time in general and even over 3,000 were found on typical individual plants. From 1988 to 1990 the aphid population was systematically investigated in soybean fields for scientific and efficient control. The relationship between population dynamics of soybean aphid and meteorological information was analyzed.Originating text in Chinese.Citation: Lin, Cunluan, Xin, Zhenshan, Li, Lintang, Zhang, Huikong, Zhang, Guangxin, Wang, Yanpeng. (1994). Studies on the Population Dynamics and Control Stage of Soybean Aphid in Jining, China. Shandong Agricultural Sciencese, 4, 44-44

Industry-scale production of a perovskite oxide as oxygen carrier material in chemical looping

How to upscale the production of oxygen carrier particles from laboratory level to industrial level is still challenging in the field of chemical looping. The upscaled oxygen carrier must maintain its physical and chemical properties. In the present contribution, a spray drying granulation protocol was developed to produce a perovskite oxygen carrier (CaMn0.5Ti0.375Fe0.125O3-δ) at an industrial scale. The micro-fluidized bed thermogravimetric (MFB-TGA) experiments were performed to measure the oxygen uncoupling and redox reaction kinetics under the fluidization state with enhanced heat and mass transfer, and the obtained experimental data at different temperatures were fitted by a fluidized-bed reactor coupled with a semi-empirical kinetic model. The physical and chemical properties of granulates were compared with those of the same perovskite composition prepared at the laboratory level. The results show the volume fraction of particle size at 75–500 μm is greater than 90% for the upscaled granulats, and the particles show no degradation in reactivity and no agglomeration for more than 20 redox cycles at high temperatures. The heterogeneous reaction rates are high, especially for the oxidation, e.g. it only spent ∼ 5 s to achieve full oxidation. Low attrition index of 3.74 wt% was found after the five-hour attrition test. The industrial-scale particles possess similar chemical and physical properties as the laboratory-scale particles with regards to the reaction kinetics, attrition index, crystalline phase, etc. The required bed inventories and fan energy consumption were finally estimated and found to be lower than other oxygen carriers reported in the literature.acceptedVersio

The Time Lags Effects of Innovation Input on Output in National Innovation Systems: The Case of China

This paper investigates the time lags effects of innovation input on output in the national innovation systems (NIS). Firstly, we analyze the intrinsic properties of China’s NIS based on the conceptual framework and the causal loop diagram. Secondly, we construct a time lags distribution calculation model and employ the main innovation input indicators to measure the specific characteristics of time lags effects of innovation input on output for China in the period 2000–2012. The results indicate that there are considerable time lags in the four major feedback loops, and the distribution of time lags is various according to the characteristics of innovation input and influencing factors in the internal transformation. The trends of time lags from R&D personnel and industry-academia-research collaboration show steady growth, and the trends of time lags from R&D expenditure and government’s macro-control take inverted U-shaped pattern. Finally, we combine the estimation results of lags distribution calculation model with the analysis results of the causal loop diagram (including positive loops and negative loops) to provide some innovation policy suggestions. This study provides important implications for our understanding of the long-term complex lags effects of innovation input on output as well as for policy-makers designing and implementing the innovation strategies

Exploring the latest advancements in physical therapy techniques for treating cervical spondylosis patients: A narrative review

Cervical spondylosis is a widespread medical condition that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Treatment options include surgical and conservative approaches, with conservative treatment often being the preferred choice. Rehabilitation therapy is an essential component of conservative treatment, and advancements in technology have the way to the development of new physiotherapy techniques. The effectiveness of treatment largely hinges on the patient's ability to improve their dysfunction. This study aims to provide valuable insights into the use of new physical therapy techniques, such as Sling Exercises Training (SET), fascia manipulation, muscle energy technique (MET), and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), that aid the rehabilitation of cervical spondylosis. By scrutinizing the current research status of these techniques, this study aims to present innovative ideas enhancing the rehabilitation process and outcomes for patients suffering from cervical spondylosis