Self-training solutions for the ICCV 2023 GeoNet Challenge

GeoNet is a recently proposed domain adaptation benchmark consisting of three challenges (i.e., GeoUniDA, GeoImNet, and GeoPlaces). Each challenge contains images collected from the USA and Asia where there are huge geographical gaps. Our solution adopts a two-stage source-free domain adaptation framework with a Swin Transformer backbone to achieve knowledge transfer from the USA (source) domain to Asia (target) domain. In the first stage, we train a source model using labeled source data with a re-sampling strategy and two types of cross-entropy loss. In the second stage, we generate pseudo labels for unlabeled target data to fine-tune the model. Our method achieves an H-score of 74.56% and ultimately ranks 1st in the GeoUniDA challenge. In GeoImNet and GeoPlaces challenges, our solution also reaches a top-3 accuracy of 64.46% and 51.23%, respectively.Comment: technical report; 1st in the ICCV-2023 GeoUniDA challeng

Modern International Park City and Ecological Civilization Education Practice: Taking Chengdu Tianfu Greenway as the Core

In the comprehensive development of modern park city and ecological civilization education, Chengdu has gradually explored its own path with international characteristics. The positioning of Chengdu as a “modern and beautiful park city” is an innovation proposed by Mr. Xi Jinping in recent years. This concept not only combines the geographical location of Chengdu with the regional characteristics of the western environment, but also highly respects the historical laws of the development of Chengdu’s Bashu civilization for thousands of years. At the same time, it also absorbs Howard’s “pastoral city” dream and Mountford, the theme of Gedde’s “Organic City Theory” has corrected the shortcomings of Le Corbusier’s mechanized functional space view and presented distinctive Chinese characteristics in theoretical innovation and the development of ecological civilization education. The outstanding performance is the organic integration of the development of Tianfu ecological civilization, the cultural education of Bashu and the aesthetic design practice, the creation of the international brand image of Chengdu’s “three cities and three capitals” and the innovative practical experience results of the dream of “beautiful and livable park city”

Self-Aligned Concave Curve: Illumination Enhancement for Unsupervised Adaptation

Low light conditions not only degrade human visual experience, but also reduce the performance of downstream machine analytics. Although many works have been designed for low-light enhancement or domain adaptive machine analytics, the former considers less on high-level vision, while the latter neglects the potential of image-level signal adjustment. How to restore underexposed images/videos from the perspective of machine vision has long been overlooked. In this paper, we are the first to propose a learnable illumination enhancement model for high-level vision. Inspired by real camera response functions, we assume that the illumination enhancement function should be a concave curve, and propose to satisfy this concavity through discrete integral. With the intention of adapting illumination from the perspective of machine vision without task-specific annotated data, we design an asymmetric cross-domain self-supervised training strategy. Our model architecture and training designs mutually benefit each other, forming a powerful unsupervised normal-to-low light adaptation framework. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our method surpasses existing low-light enhancement and adaptation methods and shows superior generalization on various low-light vision tasks, including classification, detection, action recognition, and optical flow estimation. Project website: https://daooshee.github.io/SACC-Website/Comment: This paper has been accepted by ACM Multimedia 202

Improving Zero-Shot Generalization for CLIP with Synthesized Prompts

With the growing interest in pretrained vision-language models like CLIP, recent research has focused on adapting these models to downstream tasks. Despite achieving promising results, most existing methods require labeled data for all classes, which may not hold in real-world applications due to the long tail and Zipf's law. For example, some classes may lack labeled data entirely, such as emerging concepts. To address this problem, we propose a plug-and-play generative approach called \textbf{S}ynt\textbf{H}es\textbf{I}zed \textbf{P}rompts~(\textbf{SHIP}) to improve existing fine-tuning methods. Specifically, we follow variational autoencoders to introduce a generator that reconstructs the visual features by inputting the synthesized prompts and the corresponding class names to the textual encoder of CLIP. In this manner, we easily obtain the synthesized features for the remaining label-only classes. Thereafter, we fine-tune CLIP with off-the-shelf methods by combining labeled and synthesized features. Extensive experiments on base-to-new generalization, cross-dataset transfer learning, and generalized zero-shot learning demonstrate the superiority of our approach. The code is available at \url{https://github.com/mrflogs/SHIP}.Comment: Accepted by ICCV 202

Towards Realistic Unsupervised Fine-tuning with CLIP

The emergence of vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, has spurred a significant research effort towards their application for downstream supervised learning tasks. Although some previous studies have explored the unsupervised fine-tuning of CLIP, they often rely on prior knowledge in the form of class names associated with ground truth labels. In this paper, we delve into a realistic unsupervised fine-tuning scenario by assuming that the unlabeled data might contain out-of-distribution samples from unknown classes. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of simultaneously enhancing out-of-distribution detection capabilities alongside the recognition of instances associated with predefined class labels. To tackle this problem, we present a simple, efficient, and effective fine-tuning approach called Universal Entropy Optimization (UEO). UEO leverages sample-level confidence to approximately minimize the conditional entropy of confident instances and maximize the marginal entropy of less confident instances. Apart from optimizing the textual prompts, UEO also incorporates optimization of channel-wise affine transformations within the visual branch of CLIP. Through extensive experiments conducted across 15 domains and 4 different types of prior knowledge, we demonstrate that UEO surpasses baseline methods in terms of both generalization and out-of-distribution detection

Effects of slow and regular breathing exercise on cardiopulmonary coupling and blood pressure

Investigation of the interaction between cardiovascular variables and respiration provides a quantitative and noninvasive approach to assess the autonomic control of cardiovascular function. The aim of this paper is to investigate the changes of cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC), blood pressure (BP) and pulse transit time (PTT) during a stepwise-paced breathing (SPB) procedure (spontaneous breathing followed by paced breathing at 14, 12.5, 11, 9.5, 8 and 7 breaths per minute, 3 min each) and gain insights into the characteristics of slow breathing exercises. RR interval, respiration, BP and PTT are collected during the SPB procedure (48 healthy subjects, 27 ± 6 years). CPC is assessed through investigating both the phase and amplitude dynamics between the respiration-induced components from RR interval and respiration by the approach of ensemble empirical mode decomposition. It was found that even though the phase synchronization and amplitude oscillation of CPC were both enhanced by the SPB procedure, phase coupling does not increase monotonically along with the amplitude oscillation during the whole procedure. Meanwhile, BP was reduced significantly by the SPB procedure (SBP: from 122.0 ± 13.4 to 114.2 ± 14.9 mmHg, p < 0.001, DBP: from 82.2 ± 8.6 to 77.0 ± 9.8 mmHg, p < 0.001, PTT: from 172.8 ± 20.1 to 176.8 ± 19.2 ms, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate that the SPB procedure can reduce BP and lengthen PTT significantly. Compared with amplitude dynamics, phase dynamics is a different marker for CPC analysis in reflecting cardiorespiratory coherence during slow breathing exercise. Our study provides a methodology to practice slow breathing exercise, including the setting of target breathing rate, change of CPC and the importance of regular breathing. The applications and usability of the study results have also been discussed.National Natural Science Foundation (China) (Grant Number: 61471398)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant Number: 3122034)General Logistics Science Foundation (Grant Number: CWS11C108)National Key Technology Research and Development Program (Grant Numbers: 2013BAI03B04, 2013BAI03B05

Adaptive motion artefact reduction in respiration and ECG signals for wearable healthcare monitoring systems

Wearable healthcare monitoring systems (WHMSs) have received significant interest from both academia and industry with the advantage of non-intrusive and ambulatory monitoring. The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of an adaptive filter to reduce motion artefact (MA) in physiological signals acquired by WHMSs. In our study, a WHMS is used to acquire ECG, respiration and triaxial accelerometer (ACC) signals during incremental treadmill and cycle ergometry exercises. With these signals, performances of adaptive MA cancellation are evaluated in both respiration and ECG signals. To achieve effective and robust MA cancellation, three axial outputs of the ACC are employed to estimate the MA by a bank of gradient adaptive Laguerre lattice (GALL) filter, and the outputs of the GALL filters are further combined with time-varying weights determined by a Kalman filter. The results show that for the respiratory signals, MA component can be reduced and signal quality can be improved effectively (the power ratio between the MA-corrupted respiratory signal and the adaptive filtered signal was 1.31 in running condition, and the corresponding signal quality was improved from 0.77 to 0.96). Combination of the GALL and Kalman filters can achieve robust MA cancellation without supervised selection of the reference axis from the ACC. For ECG, the MA component can also be reduced by adaptive filtering. The signal quality, however, could not be improved substantially just by the adaptive filter with the ACC outputs as the reference signals.Municipal Science & Technology Commission. Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grants 3102028 and 3122034)General Logistics Science Foundation (Grant CWS11C108)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.). Grant R01- EB001659)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) Cooperative Agreement U01- EB-008577

Research Hotspot and Trend Analysis of China’s Elderlyoriented Smart Products

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the current situation of population aging, so it has introduced relevant aging policies. The combination of new technologies has played a positive role in the development of Elderly-oriented smart products of enterprises. Based on the research literature on Elderly-oriented smart products collected in CNKI database in recent ten years (2012-2022), this paper makes a quantitative analysis on the research results of Elderly-oriented smart products in China with the help of CiteSpace visual analysis software. Through research hotspots and evolution trends, it is found that the theme can be extended: the upgrading and construction of Elderly-oriented smart products will be a hot research topic in the academic community in the future

Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage: Which one should we choose between laser navigation and 3D navigation mold?

BackgroundHypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) is a severe life-threatening disease, and its incidence has gradually increased in recent years. Due to the particularity and diversity of its bleeding sites, the early treatment of hematoma needs to be more meticulous and accurate, and minimally invasive surgery is often one of the measures that are commonly adopted now. The lower hematoma debridement and the navigation template created by 3D printing technology were compared in the external drainage of a hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Then the effect and feasibility of the two operations were explicitly evaluated.Material and methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all eligible patients with HICH who underwent laser-guided hematoma evacuation or hematoma puncture under 3D-navigated molds at the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University from January 2019 to January 2021. A total of 43 patients were treated. Twenty-three patients were treated with laser navigation-guided hematoma evacuation (group A); 20 patients were treated with 3D navigation minimally invasive surgery (group B). A comparative study was conducted between the two groups to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative conditions.ResultsThe preoperative preparation time of the laser navigation group was significantly shorter than that of the 3D printing group. The operation time of the 3D printing group was better than that of the laser navigation group (0.73 ± 0.26 h vs. 1.03 ± 0.27 h P = 0.00070). In the improvement in the short-term postoperatively, there was no statistically significant difference between the laser navigation group and the 3D printing group (Median hematoma evacuation rate P = 0.14); And in the three-month follow-up NIHESS score, there was no significant difference between the two (P = 0.82).ConclusionLaser-guided hematoma removal is more suitable for emergency operations, with real-time navigation and shortened preoperative preparation time; hematoma puncture under a 3D navigation mold is more personalized and shortens the intraoperative time course. There was no significant difference in therapeutic effect between the two groups